Cited by 3,137Microgrid Control and OptimizationFrequency Control in Power SystemsSmart Grid Energy Management

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Trends in Microgrid Control

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Olivares, Daniel E., Mehrizi-Sani, Ali, Etemadi, Amir H., Canizares, Claudio A., Iravani, Reza, Kazerani, Mehrdad, Hajimiragha, Amir H., Gomis-Bellmunt, Oriol, Saeedifard, Maryam, Palma-Behnke, Rodrigo, Jimenez-Estevez, Guillermo A., Hatziargyriou, Nikos D.·2014·IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid

DOI 10.1109/tsg.2013.2295514

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Abstract

The increasing interest in integrating intermittent renewable energy sources into microgrids presents major challenges from the viewpoints of reliable operation and control. In this paper, the major issues and challenges in microgrid control are discussed, and a review of state-of-the-art control strategies and trends is presented; a general overview of the main control principles (e.g., droop control, model predictive control, multi-agent systems) is also included. The paper classifies microgrid control strategies into three levels: primary, secondary, and tertiary, where primary and secondary levels are associated with the operation of the microgrid itself, and tertiary level pertains to the coordinated operation of the microgrid and the host grid. Each control level is discussed in detail in view of the relevant existing technical literature.

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Self-citation
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Authors: Olivares, D. E., Mehrizi-Sani, A., Etemadi, A. H., Canizares, C. A., Iravani, R., Kazerani, M., Hajimiragha, A. H., Gomis-Bellmunt, O., Saeedifard, M., Palma-Behnke, R., Jimenez-Estevez, G. A., & Hatziargyriou, N. D.
Affiliations: University of Waterloo (CA)
University of Toronto (CA)
General Electric (Canada) (CA)
Purdue University West Lafayette (US)
Center for Mathematical Modeling (CL)
National Technical University of Athens (GR)
ORCID: Olivares, Daniel E.
Kazerani, Mehrdad
Saeedifard, Maryam
Palma-Behnke, Rodrigo
Hatziargyriou, Nikos D.
Venue: IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Published: 2014-07
Volume: 5
Issue: 4
Pages: 1905-1919
ISSN: 1949-3053 (ISSN-L)
1949-3061
DOI: 10.1109/tsg.2013.2295514
OpenAlex: W2001965107
Cited by: 3,137
References: 111
Citations by year: 2026: 177 · 2025: 215 · 2024: 216 · 2023: 270 · 2022: 283 · 2021: 350 · 2020: 358 · 2019: 363 · 2018: 307 · 2017: 293 · 2016: 196 · 2015: 97 · 2014: 10
FWCI: 221.52
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
americanae.aecid.es
Licence: cc-by-nc-nd
ieeexplore.ieee.org/Xplorehelp/downloads/license-information/IEEE.html (vor)
Locations: IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid (publishedVersion)
Americanae (AECID Library) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
LA Referencia (Red Federada de Repositorios Institucionales de Publicaciones Científicas) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
Universidad de Chile (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
Topics: Physical Sciences › Engineering › Control and Systems Engineering › Microgrid Control and Optimization
Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Frequency Control in Power Systems
Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Smart Grid Energy Management
Keywords: microgrid control, droop control, model predictive control, multi-agent systems, primary control, secondary control, tertiary control, renewable energy integration, distributed generation

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