Investigating Human Performance in a Virtual Reality Haptic Simulator as Influenced by Fidelity and System Latency
Abstract
The objective of this study was to demonstrate the utility of an established model of human motor behavior for assessing the fidelity of a virtual reality (VR) and haptic-based simulation for fine motor task performance. This study was also to serve as a basis for formulating general performance-based simulator-design guidelines toward balancing perceived realism with simulator limitations, such as latency resulting from graphic and haptic renderings. A low-fidelity surgical simulator was developed as an example VR for study, and user performance was tested in a simplified tissue-cutting task using a virtual scalpel. The observed aspect of the simulation included a discrete-movement task under different system-lag conditions and settings of task difficulty. Results revealed user performance in the VR to conform with Fitts' law of motor behavior and for performance to degrade with increasing task difficulty and system time lag. In general, the findings of this work support predictions on human performance under various simulator-design conditions using an established model of motor-control behavior and formulation of human-performance-based simulator-design principles.
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In the dialoging mode of HIC, delays and reliability of haptic data communication are paramount for safe communication, with a latency requirement of 0-50 ms.
“In the dialoging mode, where the interaction is highly dynamic (e.g., therapist-patient interaction, where the therapist remotely operates a local robotic avatar to assist the local patient to perform rehabilitation exercises), delays and reliability of haptic data communication are paramount for safe communication (a latency requirement of 0-50 ms).”
From The IEEE 1918.1 “Tactile Internet” Standards Working Group and its Standards (2019) · cites this paper as [26]
For the observing mode of HIC, the latency requirement can be further extended to 0-200 ms.
“For the observing mode, where interaction is static or quasi-static (e.g., teletraining system, where a trainee will be observing the performance of a remote trainer), the latency requirement can be further extended to 0-200 ms.”
From The IEEE 1918.1 “Tactile Internet” Standards Working Group and its Standards (2019) · cites this paper as [26]
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The IEEE 1918.1 “Tactile Internet” Standards Working Group and its Standards
Holland, O., Steinbach, E., Prasad, R. V., Liu, Q., Dawy, Z., Aijaz, A., Pappas, N., Chandra, K., Rao, V. S., Oteafy, S., et al. (2019) · Proceedings of the IEEE · doi:10.1109/jproc.2018.2885541 · Cited by 200 · see citing works
“[21], [22] show that latency should be less than 25 ms for accurately completing haptic operations.”
Background
- Authors
- Kaber, D. B., Li, Y., Clamann, M., & Lee, Y.-S.
- Affiliations
- North Carolina State University (US)
- Venue
- IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics - Part A: Systems and Humans
- Published
- 2012-11
- Volume
- 42
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 1562-1566
- ISSN
- 1083-4427 (ISSN-L)
- 1558-2426
- OpenAlex
- W2034918745
- Cited by
- 37
- References
- 24
- Citations by year
- 2025: 2 · 2024: 5 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 2
- FWCI
- 5.38
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- IEEE Transactions on Systems Man and Cybernetics - Part A Systems and Humans (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Mechanical Engineering › Teleoperation and Haptic Systems
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Human-Computer Interaction › Virtual Reality Applications and Impacts
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Surgical Simulation and Training
- Keywords
- virtual reality, haptic simulation, simulation fidelity, system latency, Fitts' law, surgical simulation, tissue cutting, discrete movements, task difficulty, motor control models
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