Electric vehicle charging in an office building microgrid with distributed energy resources
Open accessAbstract
This paper discusses the charging of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) in an existing office building microgrid equipped with a photovoltaic (PV) system and a combined heat and power (CHP) unit. Different charging strategies and charging power ratings for workplace charging are examined for their grid impact and their impact on the self-consumption of the locally generated electricity. The grid impact can be significantly reduced by using strategies that require limited future knowledge of the EV mobility behavior and limited communication infrastructure. These strategies allow a high number of EVs to be charged at an office building, even with a limited number of charging spots, due to the large standstill times.
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The impact of electric vehicles and heat pumps on the residential low voltage grid is likely to be significant.
“their impact on the residential low voltage grid is likely to be significant [3]”
From Congestion mitigation in unbalanced residential networks with OPF-based demand management (2022) · cites this paper as [3]
The Introduction and “Impact on the Electricity Grid” section say EVs can have an increased impact on the distribution grid. They discuss combined heat and power systems, not heat pumps, and the study examines an office building rather than the residential low-voltage grid. Page numbers are not provided in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe extensive installation of distributed generation and the electrification of the transport and heating systems increase the demand, the simultaneity factor and the congestion risk in distribution networks.
“However, the extensive installation of distributed generation and the electrification of the transport and heating systems increase the demand, the simultaneity factor and the congestion risk in distribution networks.”
From Congestion mitigation in unbalanced residential networks with OPF-based demand management (2022) · cites this paper as [3]
In “B. Impact on the Electricity Grid” (page unavailable), the paper says PV and CHP injection and EV electricity consumption may cause peak loads and other distribution-grid problems. Its grid-impact results report higher peak demand with more EV charging. It does not establish that distributed generation increases demand or that transport and heating electrification generally increase the simultaneity factor: its heating example is a CHP that produces electricity, and charging simultaneity varies by charging conditions. Congestion risk is consistent with the reported peak loads but is not stated explicitly. (LLM, conf=0.86)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
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Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
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- Authors
- Van Roy, J., Leemput, N., Geth, F., Buscher, J., Salenbien, R., & Driesen, J.
- Affiliations
- KU Leuven (BE)
- Venue
- IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy
- Published
- 2014-10
- Volume
- 5
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 1389-1396
- ISSN
- 1949-3029 (ISSN-L)
- 1949-3037
- OpenAlex
- W2333383824
- Cited by
- 180
- References
- 23
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 16 · 2021: 25 · 2020: 16 · 2019: 16 · 2018: 25 · 2017: 23 · 2016: 18 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 3
- FWCI
- 9.03
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- lirias.kuleuven.be
- Locations
- IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy (publishedVersion)
- Lirias (KU Leuven) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Funders
- Vlaamse Instelling voor Technologisch Onderzoek
- Institute for the Promotion of Innovation through Science and Technology in Flanders
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Electric Vehicles and Infrastructure
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Smart Grid Energy Management
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Automotive Engineering › Electric and Hybrid Vehicle Technologies
- Keywords
- electric vehicle charging, plug-in hybrid electric vehicles, distributed energy resources, photovoltaic systems, combined heat and power, charging strategies, self-consumption, grid impact, workplace charging
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