The DOI matches its Crossref record.
A technique to build a secret key in integrated circuits for identification and authentication applications
Abstract
This paper describes a technique that exploits the statistical delay variations of wires and transistors across ICs to build a secret key unique to each IC. To explore its feasibility, we fabricated a candidate circuit to generate a response based on its delay characteristics. We show that there exists enough delay variation across ICs implementing, the proposed circuit to identify individual ICs. Further. the circuit, functions reliably over a practical range of environmental variation such as temperature and voltage.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cited by
PUF Modeling Attacks on Simulated and Silicon Data
Ruhrmair, U., Solter, J., Sehnke, F., Xu, X., Mahmoud, A., Stoyanova, V., Dror, G., Schmidhuber, J., Burleson, W., & Devadas, S. (2013) · IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security · doi:10.1109/tifs.2013.2279798 · Cited by 637
Self-citationCounterfeit Integrated Circuits: A Rising Threat in the Global Semiconductor Supply Chain
Guin, U., Huang, K., DiMase, D., Carulli, J. M., Tehranipoor, M., & Makris, Y. (2014) · Proceedings of the IEEE · doi:10.1109/jproc.2014.2332291 · Cited by 561
Devadas, S., Suh, E., Paral, S., Sowell, R., Ziola, T., & Khandelwal, V. (2008) · 2008 IEEE International Conference on RFID · doi:10.1109/rfid.2008.4519377 · Cited by 339
Self-citationFPGA-Based True Random Number Generation Using Circuit Metastability with Adaptive Feedback Control
Majzoobi, M., Koushanfar, F., & Devadas, S. (2011) · Lecture Notes in Computer Science · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-23951-9_2 · Cited by 155
Self-citationSatpathy, S. K., Mathew, S. K., Kumar, R., Suresh, V., Anders, M. A., Kaul, H., Agarwal, A., Hsu, S., Krishnamurthy, R. K., & De, V. (2019) · IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits · doi:10.1109/jssc.2018.2886350 · Cited by 114
Metadata
- Authors
- Lee, J. W., Lim, D., Gassend, B., Suh, G. E., van Dijk, M., & Devadas, S.
- Venue
- 2004 Symposium on VLSI Circuits. Digest of Technical Papers (IEEE Cat. No.04CH37525)
- Publisher
- Widerkehr and Associates
- Published
- 2004-10-26
- Pages
- 176-179
- ISSN
- 2166-9600 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2151759197
- Cited by
- 842
- References
- 0
- FWCI
- 3.69
- Type
- conference paper
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: A technique to build a secret key in integrated circuits for identification and authentication applications. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1109/vlsic.2004.1346548
- The paper
- Lee, J. W., Lim, D., Gassend, B., Suh, G. E., van Dijk, M., & Devadas, S. (2004). A technique to build a secret key in integrated circuits for identification and authentication applications. 2004 Symposium on VLSI Circuits. Digest of Technical Papers (IEEE Cat. No.04CH37525). https://doi.org/10.1109/vlsic.2004.1346548
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
