FORUM: Sharing or sparing? How should we grow the world's cities?
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Summary There has long been a debate amongst conservation biologists about how agricultural land use should be distributed spatially. Advocates of land sparing argue that high‐intensity food production on small units of land will conserve more natural habitat than low‐intensity farming spread across larger areas. Others argue that less intensive production over a greater area of land will reduce the overall load of human stressors upon ecosystems. Although agricultural and urban systems have traditionally been considered as different fields of research, there are strong parallels between the two landscapes in the patterns of their spatial configuration and the trade‐offs associated with their development. Continued and rapid urbanization, with associated losses in vegetation, highlights the need for a uniting spatial framework to assess the ecological impacts of urbanization. Here, we apply some of the thinking emerging from the agricultural land‐sparing debate to urbanization, review the similarities and differences between the two systems and set out a research agenda. Intensification of urban systems to increase housing density leads to buildings being interspersed with small tracts of natural or semi‐natural habitat patches (e.g. forest patches, parks). Urban extensification, on the other hand, is characterized by sprawling suburbanization with less concentrated, more distributed green space, often predominantly in the form of backyard or streetscape vegetation. We argue that regional scale analyses are urgently needed to determine which of these patterns of urban growth has a lower overall impact on biodiversity and to explore the geographical and taxonomic variation in the most ecologically appropriate city layout. Synthesis and applications . The spatial pattern of urban development will affect biodiversity conservation within and beyond a city's borders. We chart the early progress of empirical work on the land‐sparing debate in an urban context and suggest that to yield development patterns that minimize overall ecological impact, urban planners must work at the scale of at least the entire city rather than on a case‐by‐case basis.
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Rural landscapes represent a place creating tensions between different users (inhabitants, farmers, industries, naturalists, etc.).
“They also represent a place creating tensions between the di erent users (inhabitants, farmers, industries, naturalists, etc.) [23].”
From How Are Landscapes under Agroecological Transition Perceived and Appreciated? A Belgian Case Study (2020) · cites this paper as [23]
The ‘History of the land-use debate in agricultural development’ section describes trade-offs between agricultural production, biodiversity conservation, and rural livelihoods. It does not describe tensions among the specific groups listed in the claim, particularly industries and naturalists. (LLM, conf=0.84)
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How Are Landscapes under Agroecological Transition Perceived and Appreciated? A Belgian Case Study
Boeraeve, F., Dufrêne, M., Dendoncker, N., Dupire, A., & Mahy, G. (2020) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su12062480 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
- Authors
- Lin, B. B., & Fuller, R. A.
- Affiliations
- CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere (AU)
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (AU)
- Corresponding author
- Lin, Brenda B.
- Venue
- Journal of Applied Ecology
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2013-06-17
- Volume
- 50
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 1161-1168
- ISSN
- 0021-8901 (ISSN-L)
- 1365-2664
- OpenAlex
- W2048539254
- Cited by
- 197
- References
- 83
- Citations by year
- 2026: 13 · 2025: 20 · 2024: 17 · 2023: 22 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 15 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 19 · 2018: 16 · 2017: 21 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 12 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 1
- FWCI
- 7.88
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of Applied Ecology (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation
- Australian Research Council (DP120102857)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Global and Planetary Change › Land Use and Ecosystem Services
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Urban Green Space and Health
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law › Urban Planning and Landscape Design
- Keywords
- urbanization, land sparing, land sharing, urban sprawl, urban intensification, biodiversity conservation, habitat fragmentation, urban green space, suburbanization, housing density, regional-scale analysis, urban planning, agricultural land use
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