The DOI matches its Crossref record; 29 of the 29 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Data mining reconsidered: encompassing and the general‐to‐specific approach to specification search
Open accessAbstract
This paper examines the efficacy of the general‐to‐specific modeling approach associated with the LSE school of econometrics using a simulation framework. A mechanical algorithm is developed which mimics some aspects of the search procedures used by LSE practitioners. The algorithm is tested using 1000 replications of each of nine regression models and a data set patterned after Lovell’s (1983) study of data mining. The algorithm is assessed for its ability to recover the data‐generating process. Monte Carlo estimates of the size and power of exclusion tests based on t‐statistics for individual variables in the specification are also provided. The roles of alternative sizes for specification tests in the algorithm, the consequences of different signal‐to‐noise ratios, and strategies for reducing overparameterization are also investigated. The results are largely favorable to the general‐to‐specific approach. In particular, the size of exclusion tests remains close to the nominal size used in the algorithm despite extensive search.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Engle, R. F. (1982) · Econometrica · doi:10.2307/1912773 · Cited by 20,795
Testing for a unit root in time series regression
PHILLIPS, P. C. B., & PERRON, P. (1988) · Biometrika · doi:10.1093/biomet/75.2.335 · Cited by 19,155
The Lagrange Multiplier Test and its Applications to Model Specification in Econometrics
Breusch, T. S., & Pagan, A. R. (1980) · The Review of Economic Studies · doi:10.2307/2297111 · Cited by 8,982
Tests of Equality Between Sets of Coefficients in Two Linear Regressions
Chow, G. C. (1960) · Econometrica · doi:10.2307/1910133 · Cited by 6,488
(1991) · RePEc: Research Papers in Economics · Cited by 6,037
Efficient tests for normality, homoscedasticity and serial independence of regression residuals.
Jarque, C. M., & Bera, A. K. (1980) · Economics Letters · doi:10.1016/0165-1765(80)90024-5 · Cited by 4,338
I Just Ran Two Million Regressions
Sala-i-Martín, X. (1997) · American Economic Review · Cited by 2,321
Let's Take the Con out of Econometrics
Leamer, E. E. (2026) · Journal of Business Cycle Research · doi:10.1007/s41549-026-00137-2 · Cited by 2,202
Pitfalls and Opportunities: What Macroeconomists Should Know about Unit Roots
Campbell, J. Y., & Perron, P. (1991) · NBER Macroeconomics Annual · doi:10.1086/654163 · Cited by 1,255
Specification Searches: Ad Hoc Inference with Non-Experimental Data.
Richard, J.-F., & Leamer, E. E. (1981) · Economica · doi:10.2307/2553491 · Cited by 1,114
Cited by
A Reality Check for Data Snooping
White, H. (2000) · Econometrica · doi:10.1111/1468-0262.00152 · Cited by 1,851
Tests of Conditional Predictive Ability
Giacomini, R., & White, H. (2006) · Econometrica · doi:10.1111/j.1468-0262.2006.00718.x · Cited by 1,646
Sovacool, B. K., Axsen, J., & Sorrell, S. (2018) · Energy Research & Social Science · doi:10.1016/j.erss.2018.07.007 · Cited by 1,092
Bekaert, G., Harvey, C. R., Lundblad, C. T., & Siegel, S. (2011) · Review of Financial Studies · doi:10.1093/rfs/hhr082 · Cited by 394
Miller, H. J., & Goodchild, M. F. (2015) · GeoJournal · doi:10.1007/s10708-014-9602-6 · Cited by 391
Metadata
- Authors
- Hoover, K. D., & Perez, S. J.
- Venue
- The Econometrics Journal
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 1999-12-01
- Volume
- 2
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 167-191
- ISSN
- 1368-4221 (ISSN-L)
- 1368-423X
- OpenAlex
- W2164821349
- Cited by
- 486
- References
- 29
- FWCI
- 24.47
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Data mining reconsidered: encompassing and the general‐to‐specific approach to specification search. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1111/1368-423x.00025
- The paper
- Hoover, K. D., & Perez, S. J. (1999). Data mining reconsidered: encompassing and the general‐to‐specific approach to specification search. The Econometrics Journal. https://doi.org/10.1111/1368-423x.00025
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.