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Personality Dimensions in Nonhuman Animals: A Cross-Species Review
Abstract
The evolutionary continuity between humans and other animals suggests that some dimensions of personality may be common across a wide range of species. Unfortunately, there is no unified body of research on animal personality; studies are dispersed across multiple disciplines and diverse journals. To review 19 studies of personality factors in 12 nonhuman species, we used the human Five-Factor Model plus Dominance and Activity as a preliminary framework. Extraversion, Neuroticism, and Agreeableness showed the strongest cross-species generality, followed by Openness; a separate Conscientiousness dimension appeared only in chimpanzees, humans' closest relatives. Cross-species evidence was modest for a separate Dominance dimension but scant for Activity. The comparative approach taken here offers a fresh perspective on human personality and should facilitate hypothesis-driven research on the social and biological bases of personality.
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John, O. P., Caspi, A., Robins, R. W., Moffitt, T. E., & Stouthamer-Loeber, M. (1994) · Child Development · doi:10.2307/1131373 · Cited by 412
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Wolf, M., van Doorn, G. S., Leimar, O., & Weissing, F. J. (2007) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature05835 · Cited by 1,427
Approach-avoidance motivation in personality: Approach and avoidance temperaments and goals.
Elliot, A. J., & Thrash, T. M. (2002) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.82.5.804 · Cited by 1,322
Genes, evolution, and personality
Bouchard, T. J., & Loehlin, J. C. (2001) · Behavior Genetics · doi:10.1023/a:1012294324713 · Cited by 1,085
DeYoung, C. G. (2015) · Journal of Research in Personality · doi:10.1016/j.jrp.2014.07.004 · Cited by 1,057
Genetic and environmental influences on human psychological differences
Bouchard, T. J., & McGue, M. (2003) · Journal of Neurobiology · doi:10.1002/neu.10160 · Cited by 870
Metadata
- Authors
- Gosling, S. D., & John, O. P.
- Venue
- Current Directions in Psychological Science
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 1999-06
- Volume
- 8
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 69-75
- ISSN
- 0963-7214 (ISSN-L)
- 1467-8721
- OpenAlex
- W2153361728
- Cited by
- 871
- References
- 1
- FWCI
- 11.85
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
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