The DOI matches its Crossref record; 2 of the 2 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Interpersonal Expectancy Effects: A 30-Year Perspective
Abstract
In the mid 1950s, the results of my doctoral dissertation were nearly ruined; it appeared that I might have treated my experimental subjects in such a way as to lead them to respond in accordance with my experimental hypothesis, or expectancy.' Al! of this was quite unwitting, of course, but it did raise a sobering question about the possibility of interpersonal expectancy effects in the psychological laboratory. If it was my unintentional interpersonal expectancy effect or my unconscious experimenter bias that had led to the puzzling and disconcerting results of my dissertation, then presumably my students and I could produce the phenomenon in our own laboratory, and with several experimenters rather than just one.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Rosenthal, R., & Jacobson, L. (1968) · The Urban Review · doi:10.1007/bf02322211 · Cited by 3,878
Self-citationThe effect of experimenter bias on the performance of the albino rat
Rosenthal, R., & Fode, K. L. (2007) · Behavioral Science · doi:10.1002/bs.3830080302 · Cited by 384
Self-citation
Cited by
The dynamics of proactivity at work
Grant, A. M., & Ashford, S. J. (2008) · Research in Organizational Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.riob.2008.04.002 · Cited by 2,057
Less is more: meta-analyses of sensitivity and attachment interventions in early childhood
Bakermans-Kranenburg, M. J., van IJzendoorn, M. H., & Juffer, F. (2003) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.129.2.195 · Cited by 1,883
The Psychology of Change: Self-Affirmation and Social Psychological Intervention
Cohen, G. L., & Sherman, D. K. (2014) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev-psych-010213-115137 · Cited by 1,302
Grant, A. M. (2008) · Journal of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-9010.93.1.108 · Cited by 1,114
Teachers’ perceptions and expectations and the black-white test score gap
Ferguson, R. F. (2003) · Urban Education · doi:10.1177/0042085903038004006 · Cited by 886
Metadata
- Authors
- Rosenthal, R.
- Venue
- Current Directions in Psychological Science
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 1994-12
- Volume
- 3
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 176-179
- ISSN
- 0963-7214 (ISSN-L)
- 1467-8721
- OpenAlex
- W2158836396
- Cited by
- 391
- References
- 2
- FWCI
- 16.52
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Interpersonal Expectancy Effects: A 30-Year Perspective. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1111/1467-8721.ep10770698
- The paper
- Rosenthal, R. (1994). Interpersonal Expectancy Effects: A 30-Year Perspective. Current Directions in Psychological Science. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8721.ep10770698
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
