The DOI matches its Crossref record; 12 of the 12 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
A free gift makes no friends
Abstract
The giving of alms to Shvetambar Jain renouncers is a specific institutionalized elaboration of the idea of a free gift, an idea which all the major world religions have their own ways of instantiating, and which in north Indian languages is expressed by the word dan . This example illustrates the inherently paradoxical nature of the idea of a gift, and why it is a mistake to define the gift as necessarily reciprocal and non‐alienated. Like the pure commodity, the pure gift is characterized by the fact that it does not create personal connections and obligations between the parties. This understanding of the gift, which is implicit in Mauss, enables us to resolve the apparent paradox in the ethnography of dan , that although it is a free gift it is often harmful to its recipients.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“The mats lose this imprint soon after joining the often enormous piles of textiles, illustrating the fleeting nature of inalienability (cf. Laidlaw 2000 ; Mosko 2000 ).”
From When gifts become commodities: pawnshops, valuables, and shame in Tonga and the Tongan diaspora (2008) · cites this paper as Laidlaw 2000
Citations
Cites
Sahlins, M., & Graeber, D. (2017) · Routledge (orig. 1972) · doi:10.4324/9781315184951 · Cited by 3,159
gastro‐politics in Hindu South Asia
Appadurai, A. (1981) · American Ethnologist · doi:10.1525/ae.1981.8.3.02a00050 · Cited by 1,060
Fluid Signs. Being a Person the Tamil Way
Eder, M. (1986) · Pacific Affairs · doi:10.2307/2759042 · Cited by 522
Gifts and Commodities: Exchange and Western Capitalism Since 1700.
Johansson, E., & Carrier, J. G. (1997) · Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute · doi:10.2307/3034399 · Cited by 236
The origins of swadeshi (home industry): cloth and Indian society, 1700–1930
Bayly, C. A. (1986) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511819582.012 · Cited by 211
Buddhism and the Spirit Cults in North-East Thailand
Tambiah, S. J. (1970) · Cited by 204
The Poison in the Gift: Ritual, Prestation, and the Dominant Caste in a North Indian Village
Gold, A. G., & Raheja, G. G. (1991) · Journal of American Folklore · doi:10.2307/541153 · Cited by 201
Ghosts, Greed and Sin: The Occupational Identity of the Benares Funeral Priests
Parry, J. P. (1980) · Man · doi:10.2307/2802004 · Cited by 164
Riches and renunciation: religion, economy, and society among the Jains
(1996) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.34-0252 · Cited by 162
Redemptive Encounters. Three Modern Styles in the Hindu Tradition
Handoo, J., & Babb, L. A. (1989) · Asian Folklore Studies · doi:10.2307/1177938 · Cited by 112
Cited by
Sorted by citations
The Science of Qualitative Research
Packer, M. J. (2017) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108264907 · Cited by 264
Candea, M., & da Col, G. (2012) · Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute · doi:10.1111/j.1467-9655.2012.01757.x · Cited by 241
da Col, G., & Graeber, D. (2011) · Hau Journal of Ethnographic Theory · doi:10.14318/hau1.1.001 · Cited by 208
The changing geographies of foreign aid and development cooperation: contributions from gift theory
Mawdsley, E. (2011) · Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers · doi:10.1111/j.1475-5661.2011.00467.x · Cited by 222
Socialities of solidarity: revisiting the gift taboo in times of crises
Ροζάκου, Κ. (2016) · Social Anthropology · doi:10.1111/1469-8676.12305 · Cited by 190
Coleman, S. (2004) · Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute · doi:10.1111/j.1467-9655.2004.00196.x · Cited by 184
Bornstein, E. (2009) · Cultural Anthropology · doi:10.1111/j.1548-1360.2009.01042.x · Cited by 107
Caring at a distance: gift theory, aid chains and social movements
Silk, J. (2004) · Social & Cultural Geography · doi:10.1080/14649360410001690231 · Cited by 122
On the Potential and Problems of Pentecostal Exchange
Haynes, N. (2013) · American Anthropologist · doi:10.1111/j.1548-1433.2012.01537.x · Cited by 116
IMPOSSIBLE GIFTS: BODIES, BUDDHISM AND BIOETHICS IN CONTEMPORARY SRI LANKA
Simpson, B. (2004) · Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute · doi:10.1111/j.1467-9655.2004.00214.x · Cited by 107
The Gift and Its Forms of Life in Contemporary India
Copeman, J. (2011) · Modern Asian Studies · doi:10.1017/s0026749x11000205 · Cited by 100
The poisoner and the parasite: cosmoeconomics, fear, and hospitality among Dechen Tibetans
da Col, G. (2012) · Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute · doi:10.1111/j.1467-9655.2012.01771.x · Cited by 96
Meditation in Modern Buddhism: Renunciation and Change in Thai Monastic Life
Cook, J. W. (2010) · Cited by 86
Big society or broken society?: Food banks in the UK
Caplan, P. (2016) · Anthropology Today · doi:10.1111/1467-8322.12223 · Cited by 86
Derrida en Corse ? Hospitality as scale‐free abstraction
Candea, M. (2012) · Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute · doi:10.1111/j.1467-9655.2012.01759.x · Cited by 77
The gift of disaster: the commodification of good intentions in post-tsunami Sri Lanka.
Korf, B., Habullah, S., Hollenbach, P., & Klem, B. (2010) · Disasters. The Journal of Disaster Studies, Policy and Management · doi:10.1111/j.1467-7717.2009.01099.x · Cited by 72
Sykes, J. (2018) · doi:10.1093/oso/9780190912024.001.0001 · Cited by 70
Introduction: Making Ignorance an Ethnographic Object
Mair, J., Kelly, A. H., & High, C. (2012) · Palgrave Macmillan US eBooks · doi:10.1057/9781137033123_1 · Cited by 64
BREAD, FREEDOM, SOCIAL JUSTICE: The Egyptian Uprising and a Sufi Khidma
Mittermaier, A. (2014) · Cultural Anthropology · doi:10.14506/ca29.1.05 · Cited by 52
FROM SUGAR CANE TO ‘SWORDS’: HOPE AND THE EXTENSIBILITY OF THE GIFT IN FIJI
Miyazaki, H. (2005) · Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute · doi:10.1111/j.1467-9655.2005.00236.x · Cited by 58
GOOD GIFTS FOR THE COMMON GOOD: Blood and Bioethics in the Market of Genetic Research
Reddy, D. S. (2007) · Cultural Anthropology · doi:10.1525/can.2007.22.3.429 · Cited by 56
When gifts become commodities: pawnshops, valuables, and shame in Tonga and the Tongan diaspora
Addo, P., & Besnier, N. (2008) · Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute · doi:10.1111/j.1467-9655.2007.00477.x · Cited by 58
VEINGLORY: EXPLORING PROCESSES OF BLOOD TRANSFER BETWEEN PERSONS
Copeman, J. (2005) · Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute · doi:10.1111/j.1467-9655.2005.00246.x · Cited by 51
Power and patronage in Pakistan.
Lyon, S. M. (2023) · Durham Research Online (Durham University) · doi:10.22024/unikent/01.02.94495 · Cited by 45
Humphrey, C. (2012) · Hau Journal of Ethnographic Theory · doi:10.14318/hau2.2.003 · Cited by 42
'The Indian Gift': A critical debate
Sanchez, A., Carrier, J. G., Gregory, C., Laidlaw, J., Strathern, M., Yan, Y., & Parry, J. (2017) · History and Anthropology · doi:10.1080/02757206.2017.1375489 · Cited by 41
‘A good neighbour is not one that gives’: detachment, ethics, and the relational self in Kenya
Neumark, T. (2017) · Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute · doi:10.1111/1467-9655.12699 · Cited by 41
Strathern, M. (2012) · Social Anthropology · doi:10.1111/j.1469-8676.2012.00224.x · Cited by 38
Commitments of Debt: Temporality and the Meanings of Aid Work in a Japanese NGO in Myanmar
Watanabe, C. (2015) · American Anthropologist · doi:10.1111/aman.12287 · Cited by 19
Altruism and Sacrifice: Mafia Free Gift Giving in South Italy
Pipyrou, S. (2014) · Anthropological Forum · doi:10.1080/00664677.2014.948379 · Cited by 35
Pickles, A. J. (2019) · Current Anthropology · doi:10.1086/706880 · Cited by 39
From Comrades to Bodhisattvas: Moral Dimensions of Lay Buddhist Practice in Contemporary China
Fisher, G. (2014) · Project Muse (Johns Hopkins University) · doi:10.21313/9780824847937 · Cited by 34
Gift exchange in the workplace
Dodlova, M., & Yudkevich, M. (2008) · Human Resource Management Review · doi:10.1016/j.hrmr.2008.11.001 · Cited by 34
Eidinow, E. (2015) · doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199562602.001.0001 · Cited by 57
The gift of hospitality and the (un)welcoming of Syrian migrants in Turkey
Alkan, H. (2021) · American Ethnologist · doi:10.1111/amet.13012 · Cited by 39
The Coming of the Corporate Gift
Cross, J. (2014) · Theory, Culture & Society · doi:10.1177/0263276413499191 · Cited by 31
Towards a Comparative Anthropology of the Buddhist Gift (and Other Transfers)
Sihlé, N. (2015) · Religion Compass · doi:10.1111/rec3.12185 · Cited by 34
Charity and Philanthropy in South Asia: An introduction
Osella, F. (2018) · Modern Asian Studies · doi:10.1017/s0026749x17000725 · Cited by 17
Copeman, J., & Reddy, D. S. (2012) · Hau Journal of Ethnographic Theory · doi:10.14318/hau2.2.005 · Cited by 29
Toxic money or paid altruism: the meaning of payments for identity‐release gamete donors
Gilman, L. (2018) · Sociology of Health & Illness · doi:10.1111/1467-9566.12718 · Cited by 29
Неформальная экономика в России: краткий обзор
Барсукова, С. Ю., & Радаев, В. (2012) · Journal of Economic Sociology · doi:10.17323/1726-3247-2012-2-99-111 · Cited by 30
The digital potlatch: The uses of uselessness in the digital economy
Kaplan, M. (2019) · New Media & Society · doi:10.1177/1461444819834610 · Cited by 29
Elder-Vass, D. (2019) · Journal of Institutional Economics · doi:10.1017/s174413741900033x · Cited by 18
The social life of a “free” gift
Venkatesan, S. (2011) · American Ethnologist · doi:10.1111/j.1548-1425.2010.01291.x · Cited by 29
The Science of Qualitative Research: Ethnographic Fieldwork – The Focus On Constitution
Packer, M. J. (2010) · Cited by 27
Volunteering,Dana, and the Cultivation of ‘Good People’ in Thailand
Chaisinthop, N. (2014) · Anthropological Forum · doi:10.1080/00664677.2014.965129 · Cited by 25
Alexander, V. D. (2014) · Anthropological Forum · doi:10.1080/00664677.2014.947917 · Cited by 23
Malcomson, H. (2013) · twentieth-century music · doi:10.1017/s1478572212000436 · Cited by 24
Making and Breaking Family: North Korea’s Zainichi Returnees and “the Gift”
Bell, M. (2016) · Asian Anthropology · doi:10.1080/1683478x.2016.1229250 · Cited by 24
Ben-Yehoyada, N. (2016) · Open Encyclopedia of Anthropology · doi:10.29164/16mediterranean · Cited by 24
Intimate gifts and ‘bad’ deaths
Ibrahim, F. (2014) · Contributions to Indian Sociology · doi:10.1177/0069966714525161 · Cited by 4
A Christian Politics of Friendship on a Brazilian Frontier
Lebner, A. (2012) · Ethnos · doi:10.1080/00141844.2011.610512 · Cited by 20
Regarding gifts—on Christmas gift exchange and asymmetrical business relations
Lemmergaard, J., & Muhr, S. L. (2011) · Organization · doi:10.1177/1350508411416402 · Cited by 22
Roberto Esposito’s ‘Affirmative Biopolitics’ and the Gift
Tierney, T. F. (2015) · Theory Culture & Society · doi:10.1177/0263276414561096 · Cited by 21
The Regulatory Gift: Politics, regulation and governance
Browne, J. (2018) · Regulation & Governance · doi:10.1111/rego.12194 · Cited by 21
Other‐Centered Behavior and The Dialectics of Self and Other
Bajde, D. (2006) · Consumption Markets & Culture · doi:10.1080/10253860600921845 · Cited by 19
The neglected side of philanthropy
Marouda, M. (2017) · South East Asia Research · doi:10.1177/0967828x17709548 · Cited by 3
Toward an Anthropology of Ingratitude: Notes from Andean Kinship
Leinaweaver, J. B. (2013) · Comparative Studies in Society and History · doi:10.1017/s0010417513000248 · Cited by 20
Strategic Affection? : Gift Exchange in Seventeenth-Century Holland
Thoen, I. (2006) · Amsterdam University Press eBooks · doi:10.5117/9789053568118 · Cited by 19
The gift of free money: on the indeterminacy of unconditional cash transfers in western Kenya
Schmidt, M. (2022) · Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute · doi:10.1111/1467-9655.13655 · Cited by 18
VAKIFAS INTENT AND PRACTICE: CHARITY AND POOR RELIEF IN TURKEY
Isik, D. (2014) · International Journal Middle East Studies · doi:10.1017/s0020743814000129 · Cited by 18
The delicacy of the gift: Passing donations and leaving change
Llewellyn, N. (2011) · Discourse & Society · doi:10.1177/0957926510392126 · Cited by 21
Yan, Y. (2020) · Cambridge Encyclopedia of Anthropology · doi:10.29164/20gifts · Cited by 17
From Recipient to Donor: The Case of Polish Developmental Cooperation
Drążkiewicz, E. (2013) · Human Organization · doi:10.17730/humo.72.1.f115m11742314855 · Cited by 17
Silber, I. (2013) · doi:10.1002/9781118517895.ch14 · Cited by 15
Don, sacrifice et sorcellerie: L’économie morale de l' aumône au Sénégal
Bondaz, J., & Bonhomme, J. (2014) · Annales Histoire Sciences Sociales · doi:10.1017/s0395264900008568 · Cited by 15
Sharia, charity, and minjian autonomy in Muslim China: Gift giving in a plural world
Erie, M. (2016) · American Ethnologist · doi:10.1111/amet.12307 · Cited by 15
Thompson, A. (2015) · Journal of Contemporary Ethnography · doi:10.1177/0891241614550400 · Cited by 12
European integration as a moral economy: Greek technocrats amidst capitalism-in-crisis
Gkintidis, D. (2016) · Anthropological Theory · doi:10.1177/1463499616684052 · Cited by 13
Günel, G. (2022) · Environment and Planning D Society and Space · doi:10.1177/02637758221133399 · Cited by 14
Gift Giving in Enduring Dyadic Relationships: The Micropolitics of Mother–Daughter Gift Exchange
Liu, C., Kozinets, R. V., Patterson, A., & Zhao, X. H. (2024) · Journal of Consumer Research · doi:10.1093/jcr/ucae002 · Cited by 14
Rio, K. M. (2007) · Anthropological Theory · doi:10.1177/1463499607083429 · Cited by 15
Gift-Giving, Anti-Bribery Laws and the Nigerian Constitution: Matters Arising
Bello, A. (2014) · Journal of African Law · doi:10.1017/s0021855314000102 · Cited by 17
Galasiński, D., & Sque, M. (2016) · Sociology of Health & Illness · doi:10.1111/1467-9566.12478 · Cited by 14
Patient waiting: care as a gift and debt in the Thai healthcare system
Seo, B. K. (2016) · Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute · doi:10.1111/1467-9655.12381 · Cited by 13
The gift in interaction: a study of ‘picking‐up the bill’
Llewellyn, N. (2011) · British Journal of Sociology · doi:10.1111/j.1468-4446.2011.01388.x · Cited by 15
Ashworth, P. D. (2013) · Journal of Phenomenological Psychology · doi:10.1163/15691624-12341243 · Cited by 16
Gift/Knowledge Relations at the Exhibition of Gifts to Soviet Leaders
Ssorin-Chaikov, N. V. (2013) · Laboratorium Russian Review of Social Research · Cited by 12
Mustering Fortune: Attraction and Multiplication in the Echoes of the Boom
Abrahms-Kavunenko, S. (2018) · Ethnos · doi:10.1080/00141844.2018.1511610 · Cited by 11
Traders of gametes, brokers of values: Mediating commercial gamete donations in Delhi
Bärnreuther, S. (2020) · Economy and Society · doi:10.1080/03085147.2020.1743074 · Cited by 12
Sutterlüty, F. (2006) · Ethnography · doi:10.1177/1466138106067059 · Cited by 12
Transplanting Kinship: Transplantation, Kin Relatedness, and Daily Home Life in the U.S. Midwest.
Heinemann, L. L. (2011) · Deep Blue (University of Michigan) · Cited by 12
Samuels, A. (2013) · Anthropology Today · doi:10.1111/1467-8322.12043 · Cited by 11
Islam in face-to-face interaction: direct zakat giving in Nablus (Palestine)
Schaeublin, E. (2019) · Contemporary Levant · doi:10.1080/20581831.2019.1651559 · Cited by 11
The other side of freedom: On the sociality of ethics
Miller, K. J. L., & Lukes, S. (2019) · Anthropological Theory · doi:10.1177/1463499619890762 · Cited by 11
“Don't gamble for money with friends”
Zuckerman, C. H. P. (2020) · American Ethnologist · doi:10.1111/amet.12981 · Cited by 11
Pontzen, B. (2021) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108900706 · Cited by 12
Improving health through participation: time banks as a site for co-production
Gregory, L. (2012) · ORCA Online Research @Cardiff (Cardiff University) · Cited by 11
Secretly connected? Anonymous semen donation, genetics and meanings of kinship
Speirs, J. M. (2008) · ERA · Cited by 10
The (anti-)social gift? Mauss's paradox and the triad of the gift
Lee, S. C. (2020) · European Journal of Social Theory · doi:10.1177/1368431020901853 · Cited by 9
Introduction: From rupture to repair
Richman, N., & Lemons, J. D. (2022) · The Australian Journal of Anthropology · doi:10.1111/taja.12456 · Cited by 9
Begging Rome: Norms at the margins, norms of the in-between
Thomassen, B. (2015) · Critique of Anthropology · doi:10.1177/0308275x14557090 · Cited by 9
Actual and potential gifts: Critique, shadow gift relations and the virtual domain of the ungiven
Copeman, J., & Banerjee, D. (2020) · Anthropological Theory · doi:10.1177/1463499619894426 · Cited by 10
The intimacy of the gift in the economy of sex work
Garza, A. P. G. (2022) · American Anthropologist · doi:10.1111/aman.13782 · Cited by 9
Why Shouldn't the Sophists Charge Fees?
Fredal, J. (2008) · Rhetoric Society Quarterly · doi:10.1080/02773940801946698 · Cited by 9
The Vicissitudes of Corruption
Lennerfors, T. T. (2009) · Business & Society · doi:10.1177/0007650309332154 · Cited by 9
Edwards, M. J., & McIvor, M. (2022) · The Cambridge Journal of Anthropology · doi:10.3167/cja.2022.400102 · Cited by 10
Satlow, M. L. (2013) · Cited by 9
Property Ownership, Resource Use, and the ‘Gift of Nature’
Ravenscroft, N., Church, A., Gilchrist, P., & Heys, B. (2013) · Environment and Planning D Society and Space · doi:10.1068/d8310 · Cited by 9
The gift of waste: The diversity of gift practices among dumpster divers
Pyyhtinen, O., & Lehtonen, T. (2022) · Anthropological Theory · doi:10.1177/14634996221117318 · Cited by 14
Metadata
- Authors
- Laidlaw, J.
- Affiliations
- University of Cambridge (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Laidlaw, James
- ORCID
- Laidlaw, James
- Venue
- Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2000-12
- Volume
- 6
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 617-634
- ISSN
- 1359-0987 (ISSN-L)
- 1467-9655
- OpenAlex
- W2132754605
- Cited by
- 359
- References
- 12
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 27 · 2022: 17 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 16 · 2019: 32 · 2018: 35 · 2017: 17 · 2016: 15 · 2015: 38 · 2014: 20 · 2013: 19 · 2012: 19
- FWCI
- 6.58
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Religious studies › Indian and Buddhist Studies
- Social Sciences › Anthropology › Cross-Cultural and Social Analysis
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Philosophy › Study and Philosophy of Religion
- Keywords
- free gifts, Dan, almsgiving, gift exchange, reciprocity, alienation, Marcel Mauss, gift theory
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review