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Contribution of tonic vagal modulation of heart rate, central respiratory drive, respiratory depth, and respiratory frequency to respiratory sinus arrhythmia during mental stress and physical exercise.
Open accessAbstract
This study tested various sources of changes in respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA). Twenty‐two healthy participants participated in three experimental conditions (mental stress, relaxation, and mild physical exercise) that each consisted of three breathing parts (normal breathing, breathing compressed room air, and breathing compressed 5% CO 2‐enriched air). Independent contributions to changes in RSA were found for changes in tonic vagal modulation of heart rate, central respiratory drive (i.e., PaCO 2), respiratory depth, and respiratory frequency. The relative contributions to changes in RSA differed for mental stress and physical exercise. It is concluded that uncorrected RSA will suffice to index within‐subject changes in tonic vagal modulation of heart rate in most situations. However, if the central respiratory drive is expected to change, RSA should ideally be corrected for changes in PaCO 2, respiratory depth, and respiratory frequency.
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“The proposed reason for controlling respiration is that HRV could be affected in certain circumstances by respiratory depth, the amount of air taken into the lungs (Hirsch and Bishop, 1981), and respiratory frequency, the amount of breaths per minute (Brown et al., 1993; Houtveen et al., 2002).”
From Heart Rate Variability and Cardiac Vagal Tone in Psychophysiological Research – Recommendations for Experiment Planning, Data Analysis, and Data Reporting (2017) · cites this paper as Houtveen et al., 2002
In the citing paper
“It could also be affected by the central respiratory drive, estimated through partial pressure of CO2 (Houtveen et al., 2002).”
From Heart Rate Variability and Cardiac Vagal Tone in Psychophysiological Research – Recommendations for Experiment Planning, Data Analysis, and Data Reporting (2017) · cites this paper as Houtveen et al., 2002
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Metadata
- Authors
- Houtveen, J. H., Rietveld, S., & de Geus, E. J. C.
- Affiliations
- Utrecht University (NL)
- University of Amsterdam (NL)
- Corresponding author
- Houtveen, Jan H.
- Venue
- Psychophysiology
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2002-07
- Volume
- 39
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 427-436
- ISSN
- 0048-5772 (ISSN-L)
- 1469-8986
- OpenAlex
- W2128112210
- Cited by
- 160
- References
- 49
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 9
- FWCI
- 2.82
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Psychophysiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Digital Academic REpository of VU University Amsterdam (Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam) (submittedVersion)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Heart Rate Variability and Autonomic Control
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Neuroscience of respiration and sleep
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Vagus Nerve Stimulation Research
- Keywords
- respiratory sinus arrhythmia, heart rate, central respiratory drive, PaCO2, respiratory depth, respiratory rate, psychological stress, physical activity
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Arrhythmias, Cardiac, Carbon Dioxide, Drive, Female, Heart Rate, Humans, Male, Stress, Psychological, Vagus Nerve, Exercise, Respiratory Mechanics
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