Respiration, Stress, and Cardiovascular Function
Abstract
The significance of respiratory influences upon cardiovascular functioning has been much neglected in the psychophysiological literature. Various phasic and nonphasic respiratory parameters manifest marked and specific effects upon numerous cardiac and circulatory events. Ventilatory patterns associated with stress responses, furthermore, bring about cardiovascular alterations indicative of dysfunction and risk, even when these ventilatory patterns are voluntarily enacted by normal individuals under nonstressful circumstances. Evidence is presented which suggests that respiratory processes may contribute significantly to cardiovascular competence and dysfunction. The implications of this theoretical approach for psychophysiological research are also discussed.
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Breathing engages in a reciprocal relationship with stress and anxiety, whereby stress and anxiety can both affect and be affected by altered respiratory patterns.
“Breathing also uniquely engages in a reciprocal relationship with stress and anxiety, whereby stress and anxiety can both affect [28,29,30,31,32,33] and be affected by [20,21,22,34] altered respiratory patterns.”
Populations with particularly dysregulated breathing may fare better with one-on-one attention, given small number of group interventions in high-anxiety and acute chronic populations.
“However, given the small number of group interventions in high-anxiety and acute chronic populations, it is possible that populations with particularly dysregulated breathing [28,29,33] may fare better with one-on-one attention.”
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- Authors
- Grossman, P.
- Corresponding author
- Grossman, Paul
- ORCID
- Grossman, Paul
- Venue
- Psychophysiology
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 1983-05
- Volume
- 20
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 284-300
- ISSN
- 0048-5772 (ISSN-L)
- 1469-8986
- OpenAlex
- W1984167894
- Cited by
- 386
- References
- 5
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 16 · 2022: 19 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 14 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 12
- FWCI
- 2.07
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Psychophysiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Heart Rate Variability and Autonomic Control
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Neuroscience of respiration and sleep
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Complementary and alternative medicine › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
- Keywords
- stress response, ventilatory pattern, cardiovascular dysfunction, cardiovascular risk, voluntary breathing
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Anxiety, Arrhythmia, Sinus, Autonomic Nervous System, Carbon Dioxide, Cardiovascular Diseases, Cardiovascular System, Cardiovascular Physiological Phenomena, Chemoreceptor Cells, Heart Rate, Humans, Hyperventilation, Lung, Male, Middle Aged, Personality, Pressoreceptors, Respiration, Stress, Physiological
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