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Role of Tyrosinase as the Determinant of Pigmentation in Cultured Human Melanocytes
Open accessAbstract
Variations in human pigmentation among different racial groups are due to differences in the production and deposition of melanin in the skin. Although melanin synthesis is known to be controlled by the rate-limiting enzyme tyrosinase, the role of this enzyme as the principal determinant of skin pigmentation is unclear. Results from studies with human melanocyte cultures derived from different racial skin types reveal an excellent correlation between the melanin content of melanocyte cultures and the in situ activity of tyrosinase. Melanocytes derived from black skin have up to 10 times more tyrosinase activity and produce up to 10 times more melanin than melanocytes derived from white skin. However, the higher level of tyrosinase activity in melanocytes derived from black skin is not due to a greater abundance of tyrosinase. Results from immunotitration experiments and Western immunoblots reveal that the number of tyrosinase molecules present in white-skin melanocytes may equal the number found in highly pigmented black skin types. Moreover, approximately equivalent levels of tyrosinase mRNA are present in white and black skin cell strains. In contrast, melanocytes derived from red-haired neonates with low tyrosinase activity contain low numbers of tyrosinase molecules and low levels of tyrosinase mRNA. These results show that tyrosinase activity and melanin production in most light-skinned people is controlled primarily by a post-translational regulation of pre-existing enzyme and not by regulating tyrosinase gene activity. In contrast, melanocytes from red-haired (type I) people have low levels of tyrosinase protein and mRNA, suggesting that transcriptional activity of the tyrosinase gene is suppressed.
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Reduced tyrosinase activity is measured in Caucasian compared with Negroid-derived melanocytes.
“This might account for the reduced tyrosinase activity measured in Caucasian compared with Negroid-derived melanocytes (30).”
From SLC24A5 encodes a trans-Golgi network protein with potassium-dependent sodium-calcium exchange activity that regulates human epidermal melanogenesis (2008) · cites this paper as [30]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Iozumi, K., Hoganson, G. E., Pennella, R., Everett, M. A., & Fuller, B. B.
- Affiliations
- University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center (US)
- University of Illinois Chicago (US)
- ORCID
- Iozumi, Ken
- Venue
- Journal of Investigative Dermatology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1993-06
- Volume
- 100
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 806-811
- ISSN
- 0022-202X (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2045202298
- Cited by
- 267
- References
- 25
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 15 · 2022: 20 · 2021: 17 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 14 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 12 · 2012: 9
- FWCI
- 1.23
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Investigative Dermatology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › melanin and skin pigmentation
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Melanoma and MAPK Pathways
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Dermatology › Dermatologic Treatments and Research
- Keywords
- tyrosinase, melanogenesis, skin pigmentation, human melanocytes, post-translational regulation, tyrosinase mRNA, red hair, enzyme activity
- MeSH terms
- Cells, Cultured, Humans, Immunologic Techniques, Male, Melanins, Melanocytes, Phenotype, Pigmentation, RNA, Messenger, Monophenol Monooxygenase, Immunoblotting, Black People, White People
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