Degradation of benzo[a]pyrene by bacterial isolates from human skin
Open accessAbstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are some of the most widespread xenobiotic pollutants, with the potentially carcinogenic high-molecular-weight representatives being of particular interest. However, while in eukaryotes, the cytochrome P450 (CYP)-mediated activation of benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) has become a model for metabolism-mediated carcinogenesis, the oxidative degradation of B[a]P by microorganisms is less well studied. This should be reason for concern as the human organ most exposed to environmental PAHs is the skin, which at the same time is habitat to a most diverse population of microbial commensals. Yet, nothing is known about the skin's microbiome potential to metabolise B[a]P. This study now reports on the isolation of 21 B[a]P-degrading microorganisms from human skin, 10 of which were characterised further. All isolates were able to degrade B[a]P as sole source of carbon and energy, and degradation was found to be complete in at least four isolates. Substrate metabolism involved two transcripts that encode a putative DszA/NtaA-like monooxygenase and a NifH-like reductase, respectively. Analysis of the 16S-rRNA genes showed that the B[a]P-degrading isolates comprise Gram(+) as well as Gram(-) skin commensals, with Micrococci being predominant. Moreover, microbial B[a]P-degradation was detected on all volunteers probed, indicating it to be a universal feature of the skin's microbiome.
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Four isolates were found to completely degrade B[a]P, possibly preventing dermal B[a]P uptake, while partial B[a]P degradation might generate toxic metabolites.
“Four isolates were found to completely degrade B[a]P, possibly preventing dermal B[a]P uptake, while partial B[a]P degradation might generate toxic metabolites.”
From The impact of airborne pollution on skin (2019) · cites this paper as [71]
The Physiological characterisation section reports that four isolates apparently metabolised B[a]P completely, while others appeared to degrade it partially; preliminary screens also suggested that some culture supernatants could be cytotoxic. The Introduction raises the possibility of toxic metabolites. Our copy does not say that this degradation could prevent dermal B[a]P uptake, so that part of the claim is unsupported. (LLM, conf=0.84)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIn a German study, 21 bacterial strains, isolated from the volar forearm and the neck of 11 subjects, could use B[a]P as their only carbon source.
“In a German study, 21 bacterial strains, isolated from the volar forearm and the neck of 11 subjects, could use B[a]P as their only carbon source.71”
From The impact of airborne pollution on skin (2019) · cites this paper as [71]
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Bacterial colonized melanoma skin models allow to study host–microbe interactions in situ
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Self-citation
- Authors
- Sowada, J., Schmalenberger, A., Ebner, I., Luch, A., & Tralau, T.
- Affiliations
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR) (DE)
- University of Limerick (IE)
- Corresponding author
- Tralau, Tewes
- Venue
- FEMS Microbiology Ecology
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2014-01-21
- Volume
- 88
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 129-139
- ISSN
- 0168-6496 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2015024509
- Cited by
- 77
- References
- 51
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 5 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 2
- FWCI
- 2.09
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- FEMS Microbiology Ecology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- OpenAgrar (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Funders
- Bundesinstitut für Risikobewertung
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Pollution › Microbial bioremediation and biosurfactants
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Toxic Organic Pollutants Impact
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Steroid Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Keywords
- benzo[a]pyrene, biodegradation, human skin microbiome, skin commensals, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, microbial degradation, Micrococcus, xenobiotic metabolism
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Bacteria, Benzo(a)pyrene, Child, DNA, Bacterial, Female, Humans, Male, Micrococcus, RNA, Ribosomal, 16S, Skin, Metagenome, Young Adult
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