Emergency department-based brief intervention to reduce risky driving and hazardous/harmful drinking in young adults: a randomized controlled trial
Open accessAbstract
Background: Risky driving and hazardous drinking are associated with significant human and economic costs. Brief interventions for more than one risky behavior have the potential to reduce health‐compromising behaviors in populations with multiple risk‐taking behaviors such as young adults. Emergency department (ED) visits provide a window of opportunity for interventions meant to reduce both risky driving and hazardous drinking. Methods: We determined the efficacy of a Screening, Brief Intervention, and Referral to Treatment (SBIRT) protocol addressing risky driving and hazardous drinking. We used a randomized controlled trial design with follow‐ups through 12 months. ED patients aged 18 to 44 who screened positive for both behaviors (n = 476) were randomized to brief intervention (BIG), contact control (CCG), or no‐contact control (NCG) groups. The BIG (n = 150) received a 20‐minute assessment and two 20‐minute interventions. The CCG (n = 162) received a 20‐minute assessment at baseline and no intervention. The NCG (n = 164) were asked for contact information at baseline and had no assessment or intervention. Outcomes at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months were self‐reported driving behaviors and alcohol consumption. Results: Outcomes were significantly lower in BIG compared with CCG through 6 or 9 months, but not at 12 months: Safety belt use at 3 months (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 0.22; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.08 to 0.65); 6 months (AOR, 0.13; 95% CI, 0.04 to 0.42); and 9 months (AOR, 0.18; 95% CI, 0.06 to 0.56); binge drinking at 3 months (adjusted rate ratio [ARR] 0.84; 95% CI, 0.74 to 0.97) and 6 months (ARR, 0.81; 95% CI, 0.67 to 0.97); and ≥5 standard drinks/d at 3 months (AOR, 0.43; 95% CI, 0.20 to 0.91) and 6 months (AOR, 0.41; 95% CI, 0.17 to 0.98). No substantial differences were observed between BIG and NCG at 12 months. Conclusions: Our findings indicate that SBIRT reduced risky driving and hazardous drinking in young adults, but its effects did not persist after 9 months. Future research should explore methods for extending the intervention effect.
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- Authors
- Sommers, M. S., Lyons, M. S., Fargo, J. D., Sommers, B. D., McDonald, C. C., Shope, J. T., & Fleming, M. F.
- Affiliations
- University of Pennsylvania (US)
- University of Cincinnati (US)
- Utah State University (US)
- Harvard University (US)
- University of Michigan (US)
- Northwestern University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Sommers, Marilyn S.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2013-06-26
- Volume
- 37
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 1753-1762
- ISSN
- 0145-6008 (ISSN-L)
- 1530-0277
- PMC
- PMC4106279
- OpenAlex
- W2108277304
- Semantic Scholar
- ee94b537f968a5b6ff556039b0628f9f750f07a9
- Cited by
- 59
- References
- 53
- Citations by year
- 2025: 1 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 6
- FWCI
- 5.10
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Alcoholism Clinical and Experimental Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Digital Access to Scholarship at Harvard (DASH) (Harvard University) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
- U.S. Public Health Service (R49/CCR-523225)
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (K24AA015390)
- National Center for Injury Prevention and Control
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality › Traffic and Road Safety
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Emergency Medicine › Emergency and Acute Care Studies
- Keywords
- risky driving behavior, hazardous drinking, young adults, emergency department, brief intervention, SBIRT, screening and brief intervention, binge drinking, alcohol consumption, seat belt use, drunk driving, multiple risk behaviors, alcohol-related traffic accidents, intervention efficacy, follow-up retention, referral to treatment, harm reduction, cost-effectiveness
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Alcohol Drinking, Alcoholism, Automobile Driving, Emergency Service, Hospital, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Male, Risk-Taking, Young Adult, Early Medical Intervention
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