Association between a brief alcohol craving measure and drinking in the following week
Open accessAbstract
Background and Aims: Craving for alcohol is thought to be a predictor of alcohol use, particularly in the near future. The assessment of craving in clinical practice requires brief, simple measures that can be implemented routinely. This study tested whether greater alcohol craving was associated with a higher likelihood of alcohol use in the subsequent week. Design: The COMBINE Study (Combining Medications and Behavioral Interventions for Alcohol Dependence) was a large, multi‐site clinical trial of treatment for alcohol dependence. Participants were randomized (stratified by site) to one of nine treatment conditions involving combinations of pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy. Craving was assessed every other week throughout the treatment period. Setting: Substance use disorder treatment settings at 11 academic sites across the United States . Participants: Participants from the COMBINE Study ( n = 1370) with available craving data. Measurements: Craving was assessed using the three‐item self‐report Craving Scale. Drinking was assessed using the Timeline Followback method, and was defined as alcohol use in each study week. Findings: There was an average of 5.8 (of a possible seven) observation pairs per participant. Craving was associated strongly with alcohol use in the following week [ B = 0.27, standard error (SE B ) = 0.06, Wald χ 2 = 43.34, odds ratio (OR) = 1.31, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.16, 1.47, P < 0.001]. For each 1‐unit increase in the Craving Scale, the likelihood of drinking in the next week was 31% higher. Conclusions: Craving for alcohol is associated strongly with alcohol use in the following week. Clinicians can measure alcohol craving effectively using a brief self‐report craving scale.
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The craving scale has high internal consistency and validity.
“The craving scale was initially developed to assess cravings related to cocaine use with high internal consistency and validity [36] and has displayed adequate internal consistency and validity when adapted for other substances [39,40].”
From Written exposure therapy for treatment of perinatal PTSD among women with comorbid PTSD and SUD: A pilot study examining feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary effectiveness (2023) · cites this paper as [40]
The Results (Preliminary Analyses) report excellent concurrent validity for the alcohol-adapted Craving Scale, but internal consistency was poor at baseline (alpha = .46), improved at week 1, and was adequate only at later time points. The source therefore supports the validity claim but not an unqualified claim of high or consistently adequate internal consistency. (LLM, conf=0.88)
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- Authors
- McHugh, R. K., Fitzmaurice, G. M., Griffin, M. L., Anton, R. F., & Weiss, R. D.
- Affiliations
- Harvard University (US)
- Medical University of South Carolina (US)
- Corresponding author
- McHugh, R. Kathryn
- Venue
- Addiction
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2016-03-18
- Volume
- 111
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 1004-1010
- ISSN
- 0965-2140 (ISSN-L)
- 1360-0443
- PMC
- PMC4861663
- OpenAlex
- W2296816441
- Cited by
- 57
- References
- 18
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 3
- FWCI
- 6.24
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Licence
- Locations
- Addiction (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (K05AA017435, P50AA010761)
- National Institute on Drug Abuse (K24DA022288, U10DA015831, K23DA035297)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pathology and Forensic Medicine › Alcohol Consumption and Health Effects
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Keywords
- alcohol craving, alcohol consumption, alcoholism, alcohol use prediction, COMBINE study, addiction treatment
- MeSH terms
- Acamprosate, Adult, Alcohol Deterrents, Alcohol Drinking, Alcoholism, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Naltrexone, Narcotic Antagonists, Taurine, United States, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Odds Ratio, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Craving
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