Cited by 261HIV, Drug Use, Sexual RiskForensic Toxicology and Drug AnalysisSubstance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 86 of the 87 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Drug checking services for people who use drugs: a systematic review

Open access

Maghsoudi, Nazlee, Tanguay, Justine, Scarfone, Kristy, Rammohan, Indhu, Ziegler, Carolyn, Werb, Dan, Scheim, Ayden I.·2022·Addiction

DOI 10.1111/add.15734PMC PMC9299873

Open this paper in CoChat — free account Open PDF

Abstract

Background and Aims: Drug checking services provide people who use drugs with chemical analysis results of their drug samples while simultaneously monitoring the unregulated drug market. We sought to identify and synthesize literature on the following domains: (a) the influence of drug checking services on the behaviour of people who use drugs; (b) monitoring of drug markets by drug checking services; and (c) outcomes related to models of drug checking services. Methods: Systematic review. A systematic literature search was conducted in MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, PsycINFO, Scopus, Web of Science and Dissertations and Theses Global. Eligible studies were peer‐reviewed articles and conference abstracts or grey literature, published in any language since 1990 and including original data on the domains. We assessed risk of bias for quantitative peer‐reviewed articles reporting on behaviour or models of drug checking services using National Institutes of Health tools. Results: We screened 2463 titles and abstracts and 156 full texts, with 90 studies meeting inclusion criteria. Most ( n = 65, 72.2%) were from Europe and used cross‐sectional designs ( n = 79, 87.7%). Monitoring of drug markets by drug checking services ( n = 63, 70%) was the most reported domain, followed by the influence of drug checking services on behaviour ( n = 31, 34.4%), including intent to use, actual use and disposal of the drug, and outcomes related to models of drug checking services ( n = 17, 18.9%). The most common outcome measures were detection of unexpected substances ( n = 50, 55.6%), expected substances ( n = 44, 48.9%), new psychoactive substances ( n = 40, 44.4%) and drugs of concern ( n = 32, 36.5%) by drug checking services. Conclusions: Drug checking services appear to influence behavioural intentions and the behaviour of people who use drugs, particularly when results from drug checking services are unexpected or drugs of concern. Monitoring of drug markets by drug checking services is well established in Europe, and increasingly in North America. Concerns about drug contents and negative health consequences facilitate the use of drug checking services; lack of concern; trust in drug sellers; lack of accessibility of drug checking services; and legal and privacy concerns are barriers to use.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1111/add.15734

Cites

86 of 86 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

The PRISMA 2020 statement: An updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews
Page, M. J., McKenzie, J. E., Bossuyt, P. M., Boutron, I., Hoffmann, T. C., Mulrow, C. D., Shamseer, L., Tetzlaff, J. M., Akl, E. A., Brennan, S. E., et al. (2021) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.n71 · Cited by 108,283
PRESS Peer Review of Electronic Search Strategies: 2015 Guideline Statement
McGowan, J., Sampson, M., Salzwedel, D. M., Cogo, E., Foerster, V., & Lefebvre, C. (2016) · Journal of Clinical Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2016.01.021 · Cited by 5,700 · cited 1×
“…strategy was peer-reviewed by a librarian outside the review team using the guideline for Peer Review of Electronic Search Strategies (PRESS) [17] We used medical subject headings (MeSH) and keywords, adapted for each database, related to DCS (including service names from a global review of…”
The Intention–Behavior Gap
Sheeran, P., & Webb, T. L. (2016) · Social and Personality Psychology Compass · doi:10.1111/spc3.12265 · Cited by 2,185 · cited 1×
“Key methodological limitations among studies reporting on behaviour of PWUD include cross-sectional designs and behavioural intention measures subject to the intention – behaviour gap [113].”
Guidance on the conduct of narrative synthesis in systematic reviews: A product from the ESRC Methods Programme
Popay, J., Roberts, H., Sowden, A., Petticrew, M., Arai, L., Rodgers, M., Britten, N., Roen, K., & Duffy, S. (2006) · Lancaster University · doi:10.13140/2.1.1018.4643 · Cited by 2,070 · cited 1×
“We used narrative synthesis without meta-analysis [21] for data analysis.”
Methodological quality (risk of bias) assessment tools for primary and secondary medical studies: what are they and which is better?
Ma, L.-L., Wang, Y.-Y., Yang, Z.-H., Huang, D., Weng, H., & Zeng, X.-T. (2020) · Military Medical Research · doi:10.1186/s40779-020-00238-8 · Cited by 1,648
An overview of forensic drug testing methods and their suitability for harm reduction point-of-care services
Harper, L., Powell, J., & Pijl, E. M. (2017) · Harm Reduction Journal · doi:10.1186/s12954-017-0179-5 · Cited by 339
Fentanyl test strips as an opioid overdose prevention strategy: Findings from a syringe services program in the Southeastern United States
Peiper, N. C., Clarke, S. D., Vincent, L. B., Ciccarone, D., Kral, A. H., & Zibbell, J. E. (2019) · International Journal of Drug Policy · doi:10.1016/j.drugpo.2018.08.007 · Cited by 317
Initial results of a drug checking pilot program to detect fentanyl adulteration in a Canadian setting
Tupper, K. W., McCrae, K., Garber, I., Lysyshyn, M., & Wood, E. (2018) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2018.06.020 · Cited by 238
Instability of the ecstasy market and a new kid on the block: mephedrone
Brunt, T. M., der Meer, A. P.-V., Niesink, R. J. M., & van den Brink, W. (2010) · Journal of Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1177/0269881110378370 · Cited by 216
Evaluation of a fentanyl drug checking service for clients of a supervised injection facility, Vancouver, Canada
Karamouzian, M., Dohoo, C., Forsting, S., McNeil, R., Kerr, T., & Lysyshyn, M. (2018) · Harm Reduction Journal · doi:10.1186/s12954-018-0252-8 · Cited by 209

Flagged first, then by citations

Show all 87 references

1 of the 87 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.

Research works printed but not linked: 20

Kriener H, 2001, An Inventory of On‐site Pill‐testing Interventions in the EU
Barratt M, 2018, Global Review of Drug Checking Services Operating in 2017
2018, Fentanyl Overdose Reduction Checking Analysis Study (FORECAST)
Kerr T, 2017, Drug Checking as a Harm Reduction Intervention
Leece P, 2017, Evidence Brief: Drug checking Services as a Harm Reduction Intervention
2014, National Institutes of Health. Quality Assessment Tool for Observational Cohort and Cross‐sectional Studies
National Institutes of Health, 2014, Quality Assessment Tool for Before‐After (Pre‐Post) Studies With No Control Group
Harm Reduction Coalition, 2018, Fentanyl Test Strip Pilot: San Francisco August 2017–January 2018
Wijngaart G, 1998, Ecstasy and the Dutch Rave Scene: A Socio‐Epidemiological Study on the Nature and Extent of, and the Risks Involved in Using Ecstasy and Other Party Drugs at Dance Events
Knox A. 2018/2019 Results, 2019, KnowYourStuffNZ
Morris V, 2016, Results Report Satisfaction Survey and Change of Behaviour Échele Cabeza 2016
Kriener H, 2005, Information, counselling and safer use measures at raves in Austria
2017/2018 Results, 2018, KnowYourStuffNZ
Royal Society for Public Health, 2017, Drug Safety Testing at Festivals and Night Clubs
Michelow W, 2015, ‘Start Small, Take it Easy’: Results from the ANKORS Harm Reduction Survey at the 2013 Shambhala Music Festival
Korf D, 2003, Testing pills in the Netherlands: An investigation into strengthening the monitor for recreational drugs
Koeter M, 1997, Get your ecstasy tested!: Evaluation of the test service of the Brijder Foundation
Sibbald K, 2014, Adulterants in tablets sold as ecstasy in the US from 2009–2013, Clin Toxicol, 52, 704
Delile J‐M, 2002, Ecstasy and risk reduction: The place of "testing" and substance analyses, Alcool Addictol, 24, 311
United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC), 2013, The Challenge of New Psychoactive Substances

Sorted by citations

Items 201–260 of 260

Nursing Preparedness for Emerging Drugs of Concern
Clifford, B., & Searby, A. (2025) · International Journal of Addiction Nursing · doi:10.1097/jan.0000000000000668
A software framework for infrared spectral analysis in harm reduction drug checking
Gozdzialski, L., Sandford, O., Riell, Z., Qbaich, A., Robinson, D., Teal, T., Storey, M., Wallace, B. B., & Hore, D. K. (2025) · The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse · doi:10.1080/00952990.2025.2554628
Enhancing Harm Reduction Through Drug Checking and Community Outreach: Feedback from People Who Use Drugs on Drug Supply Safety, Dissemination of Information, and Service Needs
Arthur, A. J., Collins, A. B., Macon, E. C., Elmaleh, R., Pratty, C., Dunham, K. T., Levin, S., & Wightman, R. (2025) · Substance Use & Misuse · doi:10.1080/10826084.2025.2582061
Awareness of drug supply changes and uptake of fentanyl testing services among people who use drugs in Kampala, Uganda
Figgatt, M. C., Kibuuka, J., Smith, P. M., Wood, T. E., Muwonge, T. R., Mudiope, P., Komuhangi, L., Nakitende, M., Nambi, F., Kadama, H., et al. (2025) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2025.112970
Advances in Paper Spray Mass Spectrometry (PS-MS) for On-Site Harm Reduction Drug Checking and Illicit Supply Surveillance
Zarkovic, T. M., Abruzzi, L. R., Kielty, C., Wallace, B., Hore, D. K., & Gill, C. G. (2025) · AppliedChem · doi:10.3390/appliedchem5040036
Additional file 2 of Planning and implementing community-based drug checking services in Scotland: a qualitative exploration using the consolidated framework for implementation research
Falzon, D., Carver, H., Masterton, W., Wallace, B. B., Sumnall, H. R., Measham, F. C., Craik, V., Gittins, R., Aston, E., Watson, K., et al. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26668803
Additional file 2 of Testing the test strips: laboratory performance of fentanyl test strips
Halifax, J. C., Lim, L., Ciccarone, D., & Lynch, K. L. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.25026006
Additional file 1 of 'It’s not going to be a one size fits all': a qualitative exploration of the potential utility of three drug checking service models in Scotland
Carver, H., Falzon, D., Masterton, W., Wallace, B., Aston, E., Measham, F. C., Hunter, C., Sumnall, H., Gittins, R., Raeburn, F., et al. (2023) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.23797340
Additional file 1 of Planning and implementing community-based drug checking services in Scotland: a qualitative exploration using the consolidated framework for implementation research
Falzon, D., Carver, H., Masterton, W., Wallace, B. B., Sumnall, H. R., Measham, F. C., Craik, V., Gittins, R., Aston, E., Watson, K., et al. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26668800
Additional file 3 of Planning and implementing community-based drug checking services in Scotland: a qualitative exploration using the consolidated framework for implementation research
Falzon, D., Carver, H., Masterton, W., Wallace, B. B., Sumnall, H. R., Measham, F. C., Craik, V., Gittins, R., Aston, E., Watson, K., et al. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26668806
Additional file 1 of Harm reduction in undergraduate and graduate medical education: a systematic scoping review
Smith, K. R., Shah, N. K., Adamczyk, A. L., Weinstein, L. C., & Kelly, E. L. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26657221
Additional file 1 of Contextual factors affecting the implementation of drug checking for harm reduction: a scoping literature review from a North American perspective
Grace Rose, C., Kulbokas, V., Carkovic, E., Lee, T. A., & Pickard, A. S. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26614957
Additional file 3 of Associations among drug acquisition and use behaviors, psychosocial attributes, and opioid-involved overdoses
Swartz, J. A., Zhao, P., Jacobucci, R., Watson, D. P., Mackesy-Amiti, M. E., Franceschini, D., & Jimenez, A. D. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26738805
Additional file 2 of Fake anabolic androgenic steroids on the black market – a systematic review and meta-analysis on qualitative and quantitative analytical results found within the literature
Magnolini, R., Falcato, L., Cremonesi, A., Schori, D., & Bruggmann, P. (2022) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.20330019
Additional file 4 of Fake anabolic androgenic steroids on the black market – a systematic review and meta-analysis on qualitative and quantitative analytical results found within the literature
Magnolini, R., Falcato, L., Cremonesi, A., Schori, D., & Bruggmann, P. (2022) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.20330025
Additional file 5 of Fake anabolic androgenic steroids on the black market – a systematic review and meta-analysis on qualitative and quantitative analytical results found within the literature
Magnolini, R., Falcato, L., Cremonesi, A., Schori, D., & Bruggmann, P. (2022) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.20330028
Additional file 2 of Co-designing drug alerts for health and community workers for an emerging early warning system in Victoria, Australia
Brien, R., Volpe, I., Grigg, J., Lyons, T., Hughes, C., McKinnon, G., Tzanetis, S., Crawford, S., Eade, A., Lee, N., et al. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26573785
Additional file 1 of Co-designing drug alerts for health and community workers for an emerging early warning system in Victoria, Australia
Brien, R., Volpe, I., Grigg, J., Lyons, T., Hughes, C., McKinnon, G., Tzanetis, S., Crawford, S., Eade, A., Lee, N., et al. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26573782
Additional file 2 of Associations among drug acquisition and use behaviors, psychosocial attributes, and opioid-involved overdoses
Swartz, J. A., Zhao, P., Jacobucci, R., Watson, D. P., Mackesy-Amiti, M. E., Franceschini, D., & Jimenez, A. D. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26103968
Additional file 3 of Testing the test strips: laboratory performance of fentanyl test strips
Halifax, J. C., Lim, L., Ciccarone, D., & Lynch, K. L. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26669133
Additional file 1 of Testing the test strips: laboratory performance of fentanyl test strips
Halifax, J. C., Lim, L., Ciccarone, D., & Lynch, K. L. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.25025887
Additional file 1 of Associations among drug acquisition and use behaviors, psychosocial attributes, and opioid-involved overdoses
Swartz, J. A., Zhao, P., Jacobucci, R., Watson, D. P., Mackesy-Amiti, M. E., Franceschini, D., & Jimenez, A. D. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26103821
Additional file 2 of 'It’s not going to be a one size fits all': a qualitative exploration of the potential utility of three drug checking service models in Scotland
Carver, H., Falzon, D., Masterton, W., Wallace, B., Aston, E. V., Measham, F. C., Hunter, C., Sumnall, H., Gittins, R., Raeburn, F., et al. (2023) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.23797343
Additional file 1 of Implementation opportunities and challenges to piloting a community-based drug-checking intervention for sexual and gender minority men in Vancouver, Canada: a qualitative study
Coulaud, P.-J., Chayama, K. L., Schwartz, C., Purdie, A., Lysyshyn, M., Ti, L., & Knight, R. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.25708952
Exploring the Nexus Between Tramadol Abuse and Psychosocial Well-being of Students: Evidence from Junior High Schools in Ghana
Bariham, I., Vida, K., & Kankpog, E. B. (2025) · Education Journal · doi:10.11648/j.edu.20251406.14
Perceptions and Experiences of Xylazine, Disparities in Xylazine Awareness, and Correlates of Xylazine-Attributed Wounds Among People Who Use Opioids
Latkin, C. A., Dayton, L., Bonneau, H., Davey-Rothwell, M. A., German, D., Bhaktaram, A. V., & Falade-Nwulia, O. O. (2026) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph23010070
Presence of 4-Hydroxy- N -methyl- N -ethyltryptamine in Commercially Available Products
Barovic, A., Pittiglio, M. K., Barrett, J., Aretz, C. D.-J., Tesfatsion, T., Ramirez, G. A., & Cruces, W. (2026) · ACS Omega · doi:10.1021/acsomega.5c10889
Deep learning analysis of particle content in extracted slow-release morphine: longer boiling reduces large fragments while retaining morphine extraction
Pettersen, H. S., Gundersen, P. O. M., Aamo, T. O., & Melby, K. (2026) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-026-35870-2
Development and validation of a fentanyl quantification model for drug checking services
Tobias, S., Guzman, S. M., Hein, J. E., & Ti, L. (2026) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence Reports · doi:10.1016/j.dadr.2026.100415
Onspot Identification of Street Drugs using Portable Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy
Assi, S. A., Neves, C. M., Birkett, J. W., Coombs, T., Jones, N., & Obe, D. A.-J. (2025) · International Conference on Developments in eSystems Engineering (DeSE) · doi:10.1109/dese68208.2025.11367923
Integrating Drug Checking Services Into Substance Use Treatment—A Call to Action
Messmer, S., Kaufmann, M., & Peress, D. (2026) · JAMA Network Open · doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.55775
A qualitative study with criminal-legal-system-involved rural Appalachians who use drugs about experiences with a harm reduction intervention
Fadanelli, M., Jahangir, T., Kesich, Z., Lane, K., Young, A. M., & Cooper, H. (2026) · Harm Reduction Journal · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-8139118/v1
Peer-led drug checking in Chile: a case study of the country’s first harm reduction service at electronic music events
Obregón, C., Fuentealba-Donoso, B., Vidal, I., & Navarrete, J. (2026) · Harm Reduction Journal · doi:10.1186/s12954-026-01419-9
Music Therapy, Spiritual Health Needs, and Substance Use Disorders
Pomerantz, J. (2026) · Voices A World Forum for Music Therapy · doi:10.15845/voices.v26i1.4688
Using drug checking data to model the relationship between the prevalence of fentanyl and xylazine to drug overdose deaths in New York City
Sauer, J., Estrada, Y., Gomez, L. D., Zaidi, I., Okon, B., Helmy, H. L., & Tuazon, E. D. (2026) · International Journal of Drug Policy · doi:10.1016/j.drugpo.2026.105206
Perceived harm reduction impact of a drug checking service in Vienna: A qualitative study among current and prospective service users
Karden, A., Schiffler, T., Ghorab, T., Spohr, L. M., & Grabovac, I. (2026) · International Journal of Drug Policy · doi:10.1016/j.drugpo.2026.105237
Drug Checking Services in Latin America vs. the United States: Staff Perspectives, Program Characteristics, and Barriers to ImplementationPreprint
Bird, J. A., Rosen, J. G., Lira, J. A. S., Green, T. C., & Park, J. N. (2026) · medRxiv · doi:10.64898/2026.04.11.26350657
Drug sellers' use of a drug checking service amid the overdose crisis in British Columbia, Canada
Gonzalez-Nieto, P., Wallace, B., Kielty, C., Shkolnikov, I., Margolese, A., Lira, J. A. S., Gill, C. G., & Hore, D. K. (2026) · Addiction · doi:10.1111/add.70429
“All the Anavar here, all of it is f**king wrong!”: responding to the gendered risks of Australia’s steroid market through testing and community care
Piatkowski, T. M., Weith, S., Kill, E., Puljević, C., Ferris, J., Hutton, A. E., & Barratt, M. J. (2026) · Journal of Substance Use · doi:10.1080/14659891.2026.2627199
Shifting Perspectives: Harm Reduction Staff Perceptions of Drug Checking Implementation
Jaffe, K., Ludwig, W., Alsum, S., DeHaan, N., Shuman, C. J., Ploutz-Snyder, R. J., Dwan, M., & Dahlem, C. H. (2026) · Substance Use & Addiction Journal · doi:10.1177/29767342261444522
Beyond the test: employee perspectives on the characteristics of drug checking services
Kvaternik, I., Verdenik, M., & Sande, M. (2026) · Drugs Habits and Social Policy · doi:10.1108/dhs-11-2025-0052
Funding Community Health Services for People Who Use Drugs in San Francisco: Determinants, challenges, and opportunities to improve implementation
Akiba, C. F., Megerian, C. E., Chung, E. O., Wenger, L. D., Suen, L. W., Lambdin, B. H., & Kral, A. H. (2026) · SSM - Mental Health · doi:10.1016/j.ssmmh.2026.100668
AB ‐ MDMSBA —Not a Synthetic Cannabinoid Receptor Agonist
Patel, M., Ganeshan, D., Horgan, I., Partington, H. K., & Glass, M. (2026) · Pharmacology Research & Perspectives · doi:10.1002/prp2.70278
A Reproducible Python Workflow for Cross-Domain Bibliographic Mapping of Fentanyl Research: A Computational Research PaperPreprint
Liu, J. (2026) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-9976263/v1
Accuracy of Patient‐Reported Exposure to New Psychoactive Substances and Other Illicit Drugs in Australian Emergency Departments: Findings From the Emerging Drugs Network of Australia
Nijmeijer, M. J., Smith, J. L., Weber, C. A., Bens, B. W. J., Fatovich, D. M., Greene, S. L., Schumann, J., Dessauer, P., Syrjanen, R., Isoardi, K., et al. (2026) · Drug and Alcohol Review · doi:10.1111/dar.70193
Postmortem Detection of Xylazine in Fentanyl- and Opioid-related Overdose Deaths: A Systematic Review of Medicolegal Evidence
Alasmari, A. F., Alotaibi, R. S., Alomani, A. M., Aljohani, N., Al-Selemany, R. G. A., Hawsawi, W. O., Turkistani, J. H., Al-Khuzaie, R. M., Ahmad, M. Z., Khan, M. G. H., et al. (2026) · The Saudi Journal of Forensic Medicine and Sciences · doi:10.4103/sjfms.sjfms_8_26
A qualitative evaluation of the implementation of a statewide drug checking program using the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research
Triece, T., Awogboro, I., Basurto, S. G. A., Sisson, L. N., Martin, E. M., Sherman, S. G., Owczarzak, J., & Schneider, K. E. (2026) · Journal of Substance Use and Addiction Treatment · doi:10.1016/j.josat.2026.210056
The Detection of Novel Nitazene‐Class Opioids in Unregulated Drug Markets in Canada
Gelgoot, E. A., Scarfone, K. M., Maghsoudi, N., McDonald, K., Hao, W., Stefan, C., Beriault, D. R., Delaney, S. R., Ti, L., Tobias, S., et al. (2026) · Drug and Alcohol Review · doi:10.1111/dar.70189
Self-citation
Discordant Drug Checking Results and Risk Reduction Behaviours: Findings From the ChecKnow Study in France
Tobias, S., Amo, J. D., Albert, S., Aubert, M., Zerrari, A., Chappard, P., Ti, L., & Roux, P. (2026) · Drug and Alcohol Review · doi:10.1111/dar.70216
Participatory Drug Market Surveillance: Implications for Nursing Science and Practice
Speight, C., Smirnova, O., & Ryan, D. H. (2026) · International Journal of Addiction Nursing · doi:10.1097/jan.0000000000000709
Drug Checking als Strategie der Schadensminimierung für Drogenkonsument*innen – Ein narratives Review zur Versorgungspraxis und Evidenz
Mühlen, A., Scherbaum, N., & Deimel, D. (2026) · Suchttherapie · doi:10.1055/a-2874-6795
Evaluating multiple innovative methods of recording injecting drug use episode data among people who inject drugs in Melbourne, Australia: The in-the-moment-expanded pilot study
O’Keefe, D., Stewart, A. C., Vella-Horne, D., Djordjevic, F., Gleeson, Z., Gill, M., Pavlyshyn, D., Petrovic, R., Scott, N., Roth, A. M., et al. (2026) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2026.113299
Same name, different drugs: variability of fentanyl (‘dope’) products sold under the same label
Hochstatter, K. R., Nadel, T., Gryczynski, J., Waninger, B., Clouse, D., Schiavi, E., Black, J., Sisco, E., Appley, M. G., Pyfrom, E. M., et al. (2026) · International Journal of Drug Policy · doi:10.1016/j.drugpo.2026.105476
Feasibility, acceptability, and impacts of a drug checking service within a supervised consumption site in Sydney, Australia
Page, R., Kevin, R. C., Kowalski, M., Nielsen, S., Ritter, A. J., JAUNCEY, M. E., Bartlett, M., Moses, M., Street, K., Francis, C., et al. (2026) · International Journal of Drug Policy · doi:10.1016/j.drugpo.2026.105481
Harm reduction vending machines as safer supply-supporting infrastructure
Rife, T. (2026) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2026.1955152
The 5 Senses Framework—People Who Use Drugs Were and Are the First Drug Checkers
Hill, K., Znamierowski, E., Breen, C., Rose, R., Sue, K. L., & Heimer, R. (2026) · Substance Use & Addiction Journal · doi:10.1177/29767342261484080
Drug Checking as Market SurveillancePreprint
Curtis, R., Javaid, A., Marcus, E. M., Rivera, J., Majoor, T., Hernandez, S., Montalvo, K., & Ramsey, K. S. (2026) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-10974676/v1
Trust, place, and polysubstance use shape the feasibility of community-based drug checking in the Southern United States: A mixed-methods implementation studyPreprint
Febres‐Cordero, S., McGilvery, R., Smith, D. J., Vlachou, L., Pires, A. (., Shanun, F., Cunningham, N., Hl, N., Zare, M., Thompson, L. M., et al. (2026) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-10359475/v1
Emergency Management of Cocaine & Amphetamine Overdose is Important
Draghmeh, K., Gold, M. S., Fuehrlein, B., & Hicks, A. (2026) · Current Addiction Reports · doi:10.1007/s40429-026-00799-z
Impact of drug scheduling on detection of bromazolam in the unregulated opioid supply: An interrupted time series analysis
Bird, J., Tobias, S., Palis, H., Law, M., Angelucci, J., Wood, E., Crabtree, A., & Ti, L. (2026) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2026.113407

Authors: Maghsoudi, N., Tanguay, J., Scarfone, K., Rammohan, I., Ziegler, C., Werb, D., & Scheim, A. I.
Affiliations: St. Michael's Hospital (CA)
University of Toronto (CA)
Unity Health Toronto (CA)
Corresponding author: Werb, Dan
ORCID: Maghsoudi, Nazlee
Scarfone, Kristy
Rammohan, Indhu
Ziegler, Carolyn
Werb, Dan
Scheim, Ayden I.
Venue: Addiction
Publisher: Wiley
Published: 2021-12-12
Volume: 117
Issue: 3
Pages: 532-544
ISSN: 0965-2140 (ISSN-L)
1360-0443
DOI: 10.1111/add.15734
PMC: PMC9299873
OpenAlex: W3208716282
Cited by: 261
References: 87
Citations by year: 2026: 47 · 2025: 64 · 2024: 72 · 2023: 46 · 2022: 30 · 2021: 2
FWCI: 5.74
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: hybrid
doi.org
Licence: cc-by-nc
creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ (vor)
Locations: Addiction (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: Canadian Institutes of Health Research
Ontario Ministry of Research, Innovation and Science
St. Michael's Hospital Foundation
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › HIV, Drug Use, Sexual Risk
Life Sciences › Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics › Toxicology › Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis
Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
Keywords: drug checking, drug users, drug use behavior, new psychoactive substances, drug disposal, barriers to service use, chemical analysis of drugs
MeSH terms: Cross-Sectional Studies, Delivery of Health Care, Europe, Humans, North America, United States, Substance-Related Disorders, Drug Users

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Drug checking services for people who use drugs: a systematic review

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Self-check

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks