The good stress of being born

The stress of being born

Lagercrantz, H., & Slotkin, T. A. (1986) · Scientific American · doi:10.1038/scientificamerican0486-100 · Cited by 448 · see citing works

Catecholamine Release in the Newborn Infant at Birth

Lagercrantz, H., & Bistoletti, P. (1977) · Pediatric Research · doi:10.1203/00006450-197708000-00007 · Cited by 404 · see citing works

Fetal and maternal plasma catecholamine levels at elective cesarean section under general or epidural anesthesia versus vaginal delivery

Irestedt, L., Lagercrantz, H., Hjemdahl, P., Hägnevik, K., & Belfrage, P. (1982) · American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1016/0002-9378(82)90783-9 · Cited by 160 · see citing works

Catecholamine Surge and Metabolic Adaptation in the Newborn after Vaginal Delivery and Caesarean Section

Hägnevik, K., Faxelius, G., Irestedt, L., Lagercrantz, H., Lundell, B. P. W., & Persson, B. (1984) · Acta Paediatrica · doi:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1984.tb09982.x · Cited by 128 · see citing works

Olfaction and human neonatal behaviour: clinical implications

Winberg, J., & Porter, R. (1998) · Acta paediatrica · doi:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1998.tb01376.x · Cited by 98 · see citing works

Lower body temperatures in infants delivered by caesarean section than in vaginally delivered infants

Christensson, K., Siles, C., Cabrera, T., Belaustequi, A., de la Fuente, P., Lagercrantz, H., Puyol, P., & Winberg, J. (1993) · Acta Paediatrica · doi:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1993.tb12622.x · Cited by 69 · see citing works

The Joyful Mind

Berridge, K. C., & Kringelbach, M. L. (2012) · Scientific American · doi:10.1038/scientificamerican0812-40 · Cited by 42 · see citing works

The first breaths of air stimulate noradrenaline turnover in the brain of the newborn rat

Lagercrantz, H., Pequignot, J. M., Péquignot, J.-M., & Peyrin, L. (1992) · Acta Physiologica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1992.tb09317.x · Cited by 29 · see citing works

The Elevated Rate of Cesarean Section and Its Contribution to Non-Communicable Chronic Diseases in Latin America: The Growing Involvement of the Microbiota

Magne, F., Puchi, A., Carvajal, B., & Gotteland, M. (2017) · Frontiers in Pediatrics · doi:10.3389/fped.2017.00192 · Cited by 301 · see citing works

Skin‐to‐skin contact the first hour after birth, underlying implications and clinical practice

Widström, A., Brimdyr, K., Svensson, K., Cadwell, K., & Nissen, E. (2019) · Acta Paediatrica · doi:10.1111/apa.14754 · Cited by 264 · see citing works

Pediatrics Consequences of Caesarean Section—A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Słabuszewska-Jóźwiak, A., Szymański, J. K., Ciebiera, M., Sarecka‐Hujar, B., & Jakiel, G. (2020) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph17218031 · Cited by 162 · see citing works

Umbilical cord pH, blood gases, and lactate at birth: normal values, interpretation, and clinical utility.

Olofsson, P. (2023) · American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1016/j.ajog.2022.07.001 · Cited by 104 · see citing works

Parturition and the perinatal period: can mode of delivery impact on the future health of the neonate?

Tribe, R. M., Taylor, P. D., Kelly, N., Rees, D., Sandall, J., & Kennedy, H. P. (2018) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jp275429 · Cited by 93 · see citing works

Birth delivery mode alters perinatal cell death in the mouse brain

Castillo-Ruiz, A., Mosley, M., Jacobs, A. J., Hoffiz, Y. C., & Forger, N. G. (2018) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1811962115 · Cited by 65 · see citing works

Maternal and newborn plasma oxytocin levels in response to maternal synthetic oxytocin administration during labour, birth and postpartum – a systematic review with implications for the function of the oxytocinergic system

Buckley, S. J., Uvnäs‐Moberg, K., Pajalić, Z., Luegmair, K., Ekström, A., Dencker, A., Massarotti, C., Kotłowska, A., Callaway, L. K., Morano, S., et al. (2023) · BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth · doi:10.1186/s12884-022-05221-w · Cited by 58 · see citing works

“I had to fight for my VBAC”: A mixed methods exploration of women’s experiences of pregnancy and vaginal birth after cesarean in the United States

Ibrahim, B. B., Knobf, M. T., Shorten, A., Vedam, S., Cheyney, M. J., Illuzzi, J. L., & Kennedy, H. P. (2020) · Birth · doi:10.1111/birt.12513 · Cited by 51 · see citing works

Decoding the neurocircuitry of gut feelings: Region-specific microbiome-mediated brain alterations

Sharvin, B. L., Aburto, M. R., & Cryan, J. F. (2023) · Neurobiology of Disease · doi:10.1016/j.nbd.2023.106033 · Cited by 49 · see citing works

The initiation of labour at term gestation: Physiology and practice implications

Hundley, V. A., Downe, S. M., & Buckley, S. J. (2020) · Best Practice & Research Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology · doi:10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2020.02.006 · Cited by 44 · see citing works

Long-term effects of caesarean delivery on health and behavioural outcomes of the mother and child in Bangladesh

Khan, M. N., Rahman, M. M., Rahman, A., Alam, M., & Khan, A. (2022) · Journal of Health Population and Nutrition · doi:10.1186/s41043-022-00326-6 · Cited by 35 · see citing works

Norepinephrine infusion improves haemodynamics in the preterm infants during septic shock

Rizk, M., Lapointe, A., Lefebvre, F., & Barrington, K. J. (2017) · Acta Paediatrica · doi:10.1111/apa.14112 · Cited by 34 · see citing works

Surge of Peripheral Arginine Vasopressin in a Rat Model of Birth Asphyxia

Summanen, M., Bäck, S., Voipio, J., & Kaila, K. (2018) · Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fncel.2018.00002 · Cited by 34 · see citing works

Birth elicits a conserved neuroendocrine response with implications for perinatal osmoregulation and neuronal cell death

Hoffiz, Y. C., Castillo‐Ruiz, A., Hall, M. A. L., Hite, T. A., Gray, J. M., Cisternas, C. D., Cortes, L. R., Jacobs, A. J., & Forger, N. G. (2021) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-021-81511-1 · Cited by 28 · see citing works

Exploring potential impacts of pregnancy-related maternal immune activation and extracellular vesicles on immune alterations observed in autism spectrum disorder

Kaminski, V. D. L., Michita, R. T., Ellwanger, J. H., Veit, T. D., Schuch, J. B., Riesgo, R. D. S., Roman, T., & Chies, J. A. B. (2023) · Heliyon · doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e15593 · Cited by 27 · see citing works

Risk of Type 1 Diabetes in the Offspring Born through Elective or Non-elective Caesarean Section in Comparison to Vaginal Delivery: a Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies

Tanoey, J., Gulati, A., Patterson, C. C., & Becher, H. (2019) · Current Diabetes Reports · doi:10.1007/s11892-019-1253-z · Cited by 25 · see citing works

Women's Perceptions of Barriers and Facilitators to Vaginal Birth After Cesarean in the United States: An Integrative Review

Ibrahim, B. B., Kennedy, H. P., & Whittemore, R. (2020) · Journal of Midwifery & Women s Health · doi:10.1111/jmwh.13083 · Cited by 24 · see citing works

Altered stress responses in adults born by Caesarean section

Dinan, T. G., Kennedy, P. J., Morais, L. H., Murphy, A., Long-Smith, C. M., Moloney, G. M., Bastiaanssen, T. F. S., Allen, A. P., Collery, A., Mullins, D., et al. (2021) · Neurobiology of Stress · doi:10.1016/j.ynstr.2021.100425 · Cited by 20 · see citing works

Different impacts on brain function depending on the mode of delivery

Ikeda, K., Onimaru, H., Matsuura, T., & Kawakami, K. (2019) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2019.06.008 · Cited by 16 · see citing works

Umbilical artery pH and base excess at birth are poor predictors of neurodevelopmental morbidity in early childhood

Leinonen, E., Gissler, M., Haataja, L. M., Andersson, S., Rahkonen, P., Rahkonen, L., & Metsäranta, M. (2019) · Acta Paediatrica · doi:10.1111/apa.14812 · Cited by 14 · see citing works

The Awakening of the Newborn Human Infant and the Emergence of Consciousness

Lagercrantz, H. (2025) · Acta Paediatrica · doi:10.1111/apa.70031 · Cited by 12 · see citing works

Use of norepinephrine in preterm neonates with dopamine-resistant shock: a retrospective single-centre cross-sectional study

Lu, P., Sun, Y., Gong, X., Li, Z., & Hong, W. (2023) · BMJ Paediatrics Open · doi:10.1136/bmjpo-2022-001804 · Cited by 10 · see citing works

Brain care bundles applied over each and successive generations

Scher, M. S., Ludington, S. M., Smith, V. A., Klemming, S., & Pilon, B. (2024) · Seminars in Fetal and Neonatal Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.siny.2024.101558 · Cited by 8 · see citing works

Waterbirths were associated with low pain relief during delivery, high breastfeeding success and healthy newborn infants

Hautala, M., Smeds, M., & Taittonen, L. M. (2022) · Acta Paediatrica · doi:10.1111/apa.16467 · Cited by 7 · see citing works

Back to the Womb: A Perinatal Perspective on Mammalian Hibernation

Singer, D. (2022) · Physiological and Biochemical Zoology · doi:10.1086/722905 · Cited by 6 · see citing works

Cesarean section and parenting stress: Results from the Japan Environment and Children’s Study

Matsumura, K., Hatakeyama, T., Yoshida, T., Tsuchida, A., Inadera, H., & The Japan Environment and Children’s Study (JECS) Group (2023) · European Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/j.eurpsy.2023.5 · Cited by 5 · see citing works

Cesarean birth elicits long-term effects on vasopressin and oxytocin neurons in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus of mice

Ramlall, E. K., Hall, M. A. L., Forger, N. G., & Castillo‐Ruiz, A. (2021) · Hormones and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.yhbeh.2021.105080 · Cited by 4 · see citing works

Brain development and maturation in the context of learning

Cachia, A., Ribeiro, S. T. G., Chiao, J. Y., Friston, K. J., Hillman, C. H., Linzarini, A., Lipina, S. J., Howard‐Jones, P. A., Dubois, J., Jay, T. M., et al. (2022) · UNESCO MGIEP eBooks · doi:10.56383/zevv4282 · Cited by 4 · see citing works

Determinants and effects of fluid status changes in caesarean delivered neonates

Zanardo, V., Tortora, D., Parotto, M., Severino, L., Simbi, A., Guerrini, P., & Straface, G. (2019) · Acta Paediatrica · doi:10.1111/apa.15152 · Cited by 3 · see citing works

Comparative Study Showed Significant Gene Expression Differences in Newborn Infants After Vaginal and Caesarean Deliveries

Carpén, N., Helve, O., Ericsson, S., Kervinen, I., Stewart-Linnonmaa, M., Heinonen, S., Andersson, S., & Helle, E. (2025) · Acta paediatrica · doi:10.1111/apa.70343 · Cited by 2 · see citing works

Spontaneous behaviors during breast crawling and factors influencing self-locating mothers’ breasts in newborns: A cross-sectional study

Cong, S., Fan, X., Yu, P., Zhou, C., Wang, L., Wang, R., Song, X., Feng, J., Sun, X., Sha, L., et al. (2023) · Heliyon · doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e16440 · Cited by 2 · see citing works

Adverse Neonatal Outcomes Following Planned Vaginal Birth Compared to Planned Caesarean Birth: A Population‐Based Study

Radaf, V. E., Pettersson, W., Brondin, J., Savona‐Ventura, C., Mahmood, T., & Zaigham, M. (2026) · Acta Paediatrica · doi:10.1111/apa.70436 · Cited by 2 · see citing works

Calcium and lactate in the fetal-to-neonatal transition

Zanardo, V., Straface, G., Sandri, A., Severino, L., Crivellaro, C. E., Garani, G., & Simbi, A. (2021) · The Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine · doi:10.1080/14767058.2021.1962842 · Cited by 2 · see citing works

Consequences of cesarean delivery for neural development

Swift‐Gallant, A., Jordan, C. L., & Breedlove, S. M. (2018) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1816335115 · Cited by 2 · see citing works

Impact of delivery mode in early life microbiome and risk of disease

Martineau, E., & Clemente, J. C. (2020) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-818097-6.00005-5 · Cited by 1 · see citing works

Fluid status changes during the transition in infants of diabetic mothers

Zanardo, V., Tortora, D., Parotto, M., Manghina, V., Severino, L., Guerrini, P., & Straface, G. (2021) · European Journal of Pediatrics · doi:10.1007/s00431-021-04197-7 · Cited by 1 · see citing works

Bedürfnisorientierte Betreuung im Wochenbett nach Kaiserschnittgeburt – wie sie die immunologische und sensomotorische Entwicklung unterstützen kann

Hurst, N. (2023) · Hebamme · doi:10.1055/a-2135-0428 · Cited by 1 · see citing works

Influence of conception and delivery mode on stress response marker Oct4B1 and imprinted gene expression related to embryo development: A cohort study

Argyraki, M., Katafigiotis, S., Vavilis, T., Papadopoulou, Z. L., Tzimagiorgis, G., Haidich, A., Chatzimeletiou, K., Grimbizis, G., Tarlatzis, B. C., Syrrou, M., et al. (2021) · International Journal of Reproductive BioMedicine (IJRM) · doi:10.18502/ijrm.v19i3.8569 · Cited by 1 · see citing works

Association of Newborn Screening Analytes with Type of Delivery Among Preterm and Term Births

Yau, J. (2019) · uO Research (University of Ottawa) · doi:10.20381/ruor-22952 · Cited by 1 · see citing works

Are the Benefits of Normal Births Being Lost due to Rising Caesarean Deliveries?

Lagercrantz, H. (2025) · Acta Paediatrica · doi:10.1111/apa.70366 · Cited by 1 · see citing works

Neurodevelopmental alterations in a mouse model of maternal immune activation

Fernandez, A. (2018) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/502cd79bzfc73z4f21z8675z5dea9ddf93e0 · Cited by 1 · see citing works

Wet lung or wet baby? An intricate problem

Zanardo, V., Guerrini, P., Severino, L., & Straface, G. (2024) · Minerva Pediatrics · doi:10.23736/s2724-5276.23.07471-2

Does Fetal Malignant Hyperthermia-Related Intrauterine Thermal Stress Contribute to Cerebral Palsy Risk?Preprint

Gericke, G. S. (2025) · Preprints.org · doi:10.20944/preprints202504.0875.v1

Babies born by caesarean develop slower in first year than those born naturally – new findings

Andersson, O., & Zaigham, M. (2020) · doi:10.64628/ab.xpur75han

The stress of being born

Lagercrantz, H., & Slotkin, T. A. (1986) · Scientific American · doi:10.1038/scientificamerican0486-100 · Cited by 448 · see citing works

Background

(1962) · Acta Paediatrica · doi:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1962.tb05449.x

The Birth of a Medical School

Wallgren, A. (1960) · Acta Paediatrica · doi:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1960.tb16086.x

Stressors at Birth

Wu, R. R. (1980) · Family & Community Health · doi:10.1097/00003727-198002000-00003

I. INTRODUCTION

(1956) · Acta Paediatrica · doi:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1956.tb15879.x