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Architectural, functional and molecular responses to concentric and eccentric loading in human skeletal muscle
Open accessAbstract
Aim: We investigated architectural, functional and molecular responses of human skeletal muscle to concentric (CON) or eccentric (ECC) resistance training (RT). Methods: Twelve young males performed 10 weeks of concentric (CON) or eccentric (ECC) resistance training (RT) (n = 6 CON, 6 ECC). An additional 14 males were recruited to evaluate acute muscle fascicle behaviour and molecular signalling in biopsies collected from vastus lateralis (VL) after 30 min of single bouts of CON or ECC exercise. VL volume was measured by magnetic resonance imaging. Muscle architecture (fascicle length, Lf; pennation angle, PA) was evaluated by ultrasonography. Muscle remodelling signals to CON or ECC loading [MAPK/AKT‐mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signalling] and inflammatory pathway (TNFαMurf‐1‐MAFbx) were evaluated by immunoblotting. Results: Despite the ~1.2‐fold greater load of the ECC group, similar increases in muscle volume (+8% CON and +6% ECC) and in maximal voluntary isometric contraction (+9% CON and +11% ECC) were found after RT. However, increases in Lf were greater after ECC than CON (+12 vs. +5%) while increases in PA were greater in CON than ECC (+30 vs. +5%). Distinct architectural adaptations were associated with preferential growth in the distal regions of VL for ECC (+ECC +8% vs. +CON +2) and mid belly for CON (ECC +7 vs. CON +11%). While MAPK activation (p38MAPK, ERK1/2, p90RSK) was specific to ECC, neither mode affected AKT‐mTOR or inflammatory signalling 30 min after exercise. Conclusion: Muscle growth with CON and ECC RT occurs with different morphological adaptations reflecting distinct fibre fascicle behaviour and molecular responses.
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“Previous short-term RT studies, documenting relatively limited hypertrophy, have, however, repeatedly reported nonuniform regional hypertrophy, both between and along the individual quadriceps muscles, although curiously the pattern of regional hypertrophy has been surprisingly diverse [i.e., which muscles and locations had the greatest hypertrophy (26, 35, 37, 43, 44, 57, 58, 61, 69, 75, 76)].”
From What makes long-term resistance-trained individuals so strong? A comparison of skeletal muscle morphology, architecture, and joint mechanics (2020) · cites this paper as [35]
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“and this longer muscle length relative to rest explains why FL was longer in the present study than in some previous reports (35, 70).”
From What makes long-term resistance-trained individuals so strong? A comparison of skeletal muscle morphology, architecture, and joint mechanics (2020) · cites this paper as [35]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Franchi, M. V., Atherton, P. J., Reeves, N. D., Flück, M., Williams, J., Mitchell, W. K., Selby, A., Beltran Valls, R. M., & Narici, M. V.
- Affiliations
- Manchester Metropolitan University (GB)
- University of Nottingham (GB)
- University of Zurich (CH)
- School of Graduate Entry Medicine and Health MRC‐ARUK Centre of Excellence for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research University of Nottingham Derby UK
- Corresponding author
- Franchi, M. V.
- Venue
- Acta Physiologica
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2014-02-06
- Volume
- 210
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 642-654
- ISSN
- 1748-1708 (ISSN-L)
- 1748-1716
- OpenAlex
- W2137572960
- Cited by
- 389
- References
- 42
- Citations by year
- 2026: 15 · 2025: 39 · 2024: 39 · 2023: 31 · 2022: 37 · 2021: 43 · 2020: 39 · 2019: 36 · 2018: 33 · 2017: 36 · 2016: 24 · 2015: 13 · 2014: 3
- FWCI
- 10.38
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Acta Physiologica (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- LA Referencia (Red Federada de Repositorios Institucionales de Publicaciones Científicas) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- e-space (Manchester Metropolitan University) (acceptedVersion)
- Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich) (acceptedVersion)
- Lancaster EPrints (Lancaster University) (submittedVersion)
- Repositori UJI (Universitat Jaume I) (submittedVersion, public-domain)
- Padua Research Archive (University of Padova) (submittedVersion)
- Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Medical Research Council (MR/K00414X/1)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Muscle Physiology and Disorders
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Muscle metabolism and nutrition
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Orthopedics and Sports Medicine › Sports Performance and Training
- Keywords
- eccentric loading, concentric loading, resistance training, skeletal muscle architecture, fascicle length, pennation angle, vastus lateralis, muscle volume, MAPK signaling, Akt/mTOR signaling, muscle remodeling, acute exercise response, p38 MAPK, ERK1/2, p90RSK
- MeSH terms
- Adaptation, Physiological, Adult, Electromyography, Humans, Male, Muscle Contraction, Immunoblotting, Muscle, Skeletal, p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases, Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3, Muscle Strength, Resistance Training, Young Adult
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