Regional regulation of focal adhesion kinase after concentric and eccentric loading is related to remodelling of human skeletal muscle
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Aims: We assessed focal adhesion kinase (FAK) response to concentric (CON) vs eccentric (ECC) resistance training (RT) at two vastus lateralis (VL) sites, and the relationships between FAK, muscle protein synthesis (MPS) and morphological remodelling. Methods: Six young males trained both legs unilaterally 3 times/week for 8 weeks; one leg performed CON RT, the contralateral performed ECC RT. Muscle biopsies were collected after training from VL mid‐belly (MID) and distal (distal) sites at 0, 4, 8 weeks. Focal adhesion kinase content and activation were evaluated by immunoblotting. MPS was assessed by deuterium oxide tracer; morphological adaptations were evaluated by ultrasound and DXA. Results: pY 397‐FAK 8 weeks levels were ~4‐fold greater after ECC at the distal site compared to CON (P < .05); pY 397 FAK to total FAK ratio was greater in ECC vs CON at 4 (~2.2‐fold, P < .05) and 8 weeks (~9‐fold, P < .001) at the distal site. Meta‐vinculin was found transiently increased at 4 weeks at the distal site only after ECC RT. ECC presented greater fascicle length (Lf) increases (10.5% vs 4%), whereas CON showed greater in pennation angle (PA) changes (12.3% vs 2.1%). MPS did not differ between exercise types or muscle sites at all time points. distal pY 397‐FAK and pY 397‐FAK/FAK values correlated to changes in Lf at 8 weeks (r = .76, P < .01 and r = .66, P < .05 respectively). Conclusion: Focal adhesion kinase phosphorylation was greater at 8 weeks after ECC RT and was muscle region‐specific. FAK activity correlated to contraction‐dependent architectural remodelling, suggesting a potential role of FAK in orienting muscle structural changes in response to distinct mechanical stimuli.
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Previous short-term resistance training studies have repeatedly reported nonuniform regional hypertrophy, both between and along individual quadriceps muscles, with diverse patterns.
“Previous short-term RT studies, documenting relatively limited hypertrophy, have, however, repeatedly reported nonuniform regional hypertrophy, both between and along the individual quadriceps muscles, although curiously the pattern of regional hypertrophy has been surprisingly diverse [i.e., which muscles and locations had the greatest hypertrophy (26, 35, 37, 43, 44, 57, 58, 61, 69, 75, 76)].”
From What makes long-term resistance-trained individuals so strong? A comparison of skeletal muscle morphology, architecture, and joint mechanics (2020) · cites this paper as [37]
Several other studies have found substantially greater muscle size of long-term resistance-trained participants (70% to 86%).
“Several other studies have found substantially greater muscle size of long-term resistance-trained participants [70% to 86% (9, 37, 46, 49)]”
From What makes long-term resistance-trained individuals so strong? A comparison of skeletal muscle morphology, architecture, and joint mechanics (2020) · cites this paper as [37]
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- Authors
- Franchi, M. V., Ruoss, S., Valdivieso, P., Mitchell, K. W., Smith, K., Atherton, P. J., Narici, M. V., & Flück, M.
- Affiliations
- University of Nottingham (GB)
- University of Zurich (CH)
- University of Padua (IT)
- Corresponding author
- Franchi, M. V.
- Venue
- Acta Physiologica
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2018-03-03
- Volume
- 223
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- e13056-e13056
- ISSN
- 1748-1708 (ISSN-L)
- 1748-1716
- OpenAlex
- W2793319677
- Cited by
- 83
- References
- 67
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 16 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 5
- FWCI
- 3.91
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Acta Physiologica (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich) (acceptedVersion, other-oa)
- Padua Research Archive (University of Padova) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Padua Research Archive (University of Padova) (submittedVersion)
- Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich)
- Funders
- National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR-INF-0274)
- Medical Research Council (MR/P021220/1)
- Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BB/K019104/1)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Muscle Physiology and Disorders
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Muscle metabolism and nutrition
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Orthopedics and Sports Medicine › Sports Performance and Training
- Keywords
- focal adhesion kinase, eccentric training, vastus lateralis, muscle protein synthesis, fascicle length, pennation angle, FAK phosphorylation, muscle fiber type distribution, mechanical loading, muscle hypertrophy
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Humans, Male, Muscle Proteins, Vinculin, Skeletal Muscle Myosins, Focal Adhesion Protein-Tyrosine Kinases, Quadriceps Muscle, Resistance Training, Young Adult
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