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Cited by 46Bipolar Disorder and TreatmentAdvanced MRI Techniques and ApplicationsTreatment of Major Depression

Alterations of the cerebellum and basal ganglia in bipolar disorder mood states detected by quantitative T1ρ mapping

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Johnson, Casey P, Christensen, Gary E, Fiedorowicz, Jess G, Mani, Merry, Shaffer, Joseph J, Magnotta, Vincent A, Wemmie, John A·2018·Bipolar Disorders
DOI 10.1111/bdi.12581PMC PMC5995598
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Abstract

Objectives: Quantitative mapping of T1 relaxation in the rotating frame (T1ρ) is a magnetic resonance imaging technique sensitive to pH and other cellular and microstructural factors, and is a potentially valuable tool for identifying brain alterations in bipolar disorder. Recently, this technique identified differences in the cerebellum and cerebral white matter of euthymic patients vs healthy controls that were consistent with reduced pH in these regions, suggesting an underlying metabolic abnormality. The current study built upon this prior work to investigate brain T1ρ differences across euthymic, depressed, and manic mood states of bipolar disorder. Methods: Forty participants with bipolar I disorder and 29 healthy control participants matched for age and gender were enrolled. Participants with bipolar disorder were imaged in one or more mood states, yielding 27, 12, and 13 imaging sessions in euthymic, depressed, and manic mood states, respectively. Three‐dimensional, whole‐brain anatomical images and T1ρ maps were acquired for all participants, enabling voxel‐wise evaluation of T1ρ differences between bipolar mood state and healthy control groups. Results: All three mood state groups had increased T1ρ relaxation times in the cerebellum compared to the healthy control group. Additionally, the depressed and manic groups had reduced T1ρ relaxation times in and around the basal ganglia compared to the control and euthymic groups. Conclusions: The study implicated the cerebellum and basal ganglia in the pathophysiology of bipolar disorder and its mood states, the roles of which are relatively unexplored. These findings motivate further investigation of the underlying cause of the abnormalities, and the potential role of altered metabolic activity in these regions.

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  • Cerebellar abnormalities (reduced volumes, abnormal functional connectivity, abnormal metabolism) are present in bipolar disorder compared to neuronormative populations.

    “In bipolar disorder, subjects show reduced cerebellar volumes (Baldacara et al., 2011; DelBello et al., 1999; Mills et al., 2005), abnormal cerebellar functional connectivity (Liang et al., 2013), and abnormal cerebellar metabolism (Johnson et al., 2018; Magnotta et al., 2022) compared to neuronormative populations.”

    From A double-blind, randomized, sham-controlled clinical trial of cerebellar intermittent theta burst stimulation for bipolar disorder: Safety, tolerability, mood and cognitive effects (2025) · cites this paper as Johnson et al., 2018

    Johnson et al. report increased cerebellar T1ρ relaxation times in all three bipolar mood-state groups compared with healthy controls (Results, “Mood States vs. Controls”). The Discussion says this is consistent with reduced pH that may reflect metabolic variation, but does not establish abnormal cerebellar metabolism directly. The citation is attached to metabolism, not to the separate volume or connectivity claims. (LLM, conf=0.86)

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Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Johnson, C. P., Christensen, G. E., Fiedorowicz, J. G., Mani, M., Shaffer, J. J., Magnotta, V. A., & Wemmie, J. A.
Affiliations
University of Iowa (US)
Corresponding author
  • Magnotta, Vincent A
  • Wemmie, John A
ORCID
Venue
Bipolar Disorders
Publisher
Wiley
Published
2018-01-07
Volume
20
Issue
4
Pages
381-390
ISSN
  • 1398-5647 (ISSN-L)
  • 1399-5618
DOI
10.1111/bdi.12581
PMC
PMC5995598
OpenAlex
W2783427306
Cited by
46
References
2
Citations by year
2026: 2 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 4
FWCI
4.72
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor)
Locations
  • Bipolar Disorders (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders
  • National Institute on Drug Abuse (R01DA037216)
  • University of Iowa (U54TR001013)
  • National Institute of Mental Health (K23MH083695, R01MH085724, R01MH111578)
  • National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (P01HL014388, R01HL113863)
  • Brain and Behavior Research Foundation (NARSAD Independent Investigator Award, NARSAD Young Investigator Award)
  • National Institutes of Health (U54TR001013)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Bipolar Disorder and Treatment
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Advanced MRI Techniques and Applications
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Treatment of Major Depression
Keywords
bipolar disorder, T1rho mapping, cerebellum, basal ganglia, mood states, mania, depression, brain pH, brain metabolism, brain microstructure, pathophysiology
MeSH terms
Correlation of Data, Adult, Affect, Basal Ganglia, Bipolar Disorder, Brain Mapping, Cerebellum, Female, Humans, Hydrogen-Ion Concentration, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Middle Aged, Research Design

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