Evidence for topographic organization in the cerebellum of motor control versus cognitive and affective processing
Open accessAbstract
Patients with cerebellar damage often present with the cerebellar motor syndrome of dysmetria, dysarthria and ataxia, yet cerebellar lesions can also result in the cerebellar cognitive affective syndrome (CCAS), including executive, visual spatial, and linguistic impairments, and affective dysregulation. We have hypothesized that there is topographic organization in the human cerebellum such that the anterior lobe and lobule VIII contain the representation of the sensorimotor cerebellum; lobules VI and VII of the posterior lobe comprise the cognitive cerebellum; and the posterior vermis is the anatomical substrate of the limbic cerebellum. Here we analyze anatomical, functional neuroimaging, and clinical data to test this hypothesis. We find converging lines of evidence supporting regional organization of motor, cognitive, and limbic behaviors in the cerebellum. The cerebellar motor syndrome results when lesions involve the anterior lobe and parts of lobule VI, interrupting cerebellar communication with cerebral and spinal motor systems. Cognitive impairments occur when posterior lobe lesions affect lobules VI and VII (including Crus I, Crus II, and lobule VIIB), disrupting cerebellar modulation of cognitive loops with cerebral association cortices. Neuropsychiatric disorders manifest when vermis lesions deprive cerebro-cerebellar-limbic loops of cerebellar input. We consider this functional topography to be a consequence of the differential arrangement of connections of the cerebellum with the spinal cord, brainstem, and cerebral hemispheres, reflecting cerebellar incorporation into the distributed neural circuits subserving movement, cognition, and emotion. These observations provide testable hypotheses for future investigations.
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The cerebellum provides output to the cortex and tunes sensory input to facilitate behavioral adjustment in response to feedback.
“The cerebellum provides output to the cortex, and “tunes” sensory input to facilitate behavioral (particularly motor) adjustment in response to feedback(25–27).”
From Functional disruption of cerebello-thalamo-cortical networks in obsessive-compulsive disorder (2020) · cites this paper as [25]
There are two subsystems in the cerebello-thalamo-motor circuit: the cerebellar motor loop and the basal ganglia motor loop.
“There are two subsystems in this circuit. The first, the cerebellar motor loop, sends output from the cerebellum to the motor cortex via the superior cerebellar peduncle and ventrolateral thalamus. The cerebellum also receives input from the motor cortex through the pons(25,26). The second, the basal ganglia motor loop, comprises reciprocal connections between motor cortex and basal ganglia(e.g. p”
From Functional disruption of cerebello-thalamo-cortical networks in obsessive-compulsive disorder (2020) · cites this paper as [25]
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The cerebellum: adaptive prediction for movement and cognition
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Consensus Paper: Language and the Cerebellum: an Ongoing Enigma
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Self-citationConsensus Paper: Cerebellum and Social Cognition
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Cerebellar gray matter and lobular volumes correlate with core autism symptoms
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The cerebellum: Its role in language and related cognitive and affective functions
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Functional topography of the human cerebellum
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Self-citationThe cerebellar cognitive profile
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Location of lesion determines motor vs. cognitive consequences in patients with cerebellar stroke
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The Cerebellar Cognitive Affective/Schmahmann Syndrome: a Task Force Paper
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Current Opinions and Areas of Consensus on the Role of the Cerebellum in Dystonia
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The cerebellum and neuropsychological functioning: A critical review
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Moving forward: Age effects on the cerebellum underlie cognitive and motor declines
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Cerebellar Function in Developmental Dyslexia
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Topography of Cerebellar Deficits in Humans
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An fMRI Study of Intra-Individual Functional Topography in the Human Cerebellum
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Neonatal Pain and Infection Relate to Smaller Cerebellum in Very Preterm Children at School Age
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Dysregulation of miR-34a links neuronal development to genetic risk factors for bipolar disorder
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Diffusion tensor MRI tractography and cognitive impairment in multiple sclerosis
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Connectivity patterns during music listening: Evidence for action‐based processing in musicians
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Impaired cerebellar functional connectivity in schizophrenia patients and their healthy siblings
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Cerebellar-Subcortical-Cortical Systems as Modulators of Cognitive Functions
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Depression and Clinical Progression in Spinocerebellar Ataxias
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Gait ataxia—specific cerebellar influences and their rehabilitation
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- Authors
- Stoodley, C. J., & Schmahmann, J. D.
- Affiliations
- Harvard University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Stoodley, Catherine J.
- Venue
- Cortex
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2010-07
- Volume
- 46
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 831-844
- ISSN
- 0010-9452 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC2873095
- OpenAlex
- W2088980803
- Cited by
- 1,360
- References
- 230
- Citations by year
- 2026: 62 · 2025: 99 · 2024: 77 · 2023: 95 · 2022: 99 · 2021: 95 · 2020: 109 · 2019: 98 · 2018: 105 · 2017: 83 · 2016: 80 · 2015: 88 · 2014: 73 · 2013: 72 · 2012: 64
- FWCI
- 37.44
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Cortex (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- American University Research Archive
- Funders
- Massachusetts General Hospital
- National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH067980)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Motor Control and Adaptation
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Vestibular and auditory disorders
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neurology and Historical Studies
- Keywords
- cerebellar cognitive affective syndrome, cerebellar vermis, cerebellar lobule VI, cerebellar anterior lobe, cerebellar cognitive function, dysmetria, ataxia, executive dysfunction, emotional dysregulation
- MeSH terms
- Affect, Cerebellar Diseases, Cerebellum, Cerebral Cortex, Cognition, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Motor Skills, Neural Pathways, Spinal Cord
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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