Am I normal? A systematic review and construction of nomograms for flaccid and erect penis length and circumference in up to 15 521 men
Abstract
Objective To systematically review and create nomograms of flaccid and erect penile size measurements. Methods Study key eligibility criteria: measurement of penis size by a health professional using a standard procedure; a minimum of 50 participants per sample. Exclusion criteria samples with a congenital or acquired penile abnormality, previous surgery, complaint of small penis size or erectile dysfunction. Synthesis methods: calculation of a weighted mean and pooled standard deviation (SD) and simulation of 20,000 observations from the normal distribution to generate nomograms of penis size. Results Nomograms for flaccid pendulous [n = 10,704, mean (SD) 9.16 (1.57) cm] and stretched length [n = 14,160, mean (SD) 13.24 (1.89) cm], erect length [n = 692, mean (SD) 13.12 (1.66) cm], flaccid circumference [n = 9407, mean (SD) 9.31 (0.90) cm], and erect circumference [n = 381, mean (SD) 11.66 (1.10) cm] were constructed. Consistent and strongest significant correlation was between flaccid stretched or erect length and height, which ranged from r = 0.2 to 0.6. Limitations relatively few erect measurements were conducted in a clinical setting and the greatest variability between studies was seen with flaccid stretched length. Conclusions Penis size nomograms may be useful in clinical and therapeutic settings to counsel men and for academic research.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Our study comprised a larger cumulative sample size than Veale et al.'s meta-analyses.
“however, our study comprised a larger cumulative sample size.8”
From A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Penis Length and Circumference According to WHO Regions: Who has the Biggest One? (2025) · cites this paper as [8]
Cites
Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA Statement.
(2009) · PubMed Central · Cited by 44,859 · see citing works
Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: The PRISMA statement
Moher, D., Liberati, A., Tetzlaff, J., Altman, D. G., & the PRISMA Group* (2009) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-151-4-200908180-00135 · Cited by 37,554 · see citing works
Illusion and well‐being: A social psychological perspective on mental health
Taylor, S. E., & Brown, J. D. (1988) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.103.2.193 · Cited by 7,814 · see citing works
Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders
Spitzer, R. L., First, M. B., & Gibbon, M. (1997) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 3,582 · see citing works
Theory and research concerning social comparisons of personal attributes
Wood, J. V. (1989) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.106.2.231 · Cited by 1,957 · see citing works
Veale, D. M., Boocock, A., Gournay, K., Dryden, W., Shah, F., Willson, R., & Walburn, J. (1996) · The British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.169.2.196 · Cited by 557 · see citing works
Self-citationPhillips, K., Menard, W., Fay, C., & Weisberg, R. B. (2005) · Psychosomatics · doi:10.1176/appi.psy.46.4.317 · Cited by 490 · see citing works
Pancultural self-enhancement reloaded: A meta-analytic reply to Heine (2005).
Sedikides, C., Gaertner, L., & Vevea, J. L. (2005) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.89.4.539 · Cited by 383 · see citing works
Body dysmorphic disorder: A cognitive behavioural model and pilot randomised controlled trial
Veale, D. M., Gournay, K., Dryden, W., Boocock, A., Shah, F., Willson, R., & Walburn, J. (1996) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/0005-7967(96)00025-3 · Cited by 379 · see citing works
Self-citationPenile length in the flaccid and erect states: guidelines for penile augmentation.
Wessells, H., Lue, T., & Mcaninch, J. (1996) · Journal of Urology · doi:10.1016/s0022-5347(01)65682-9 · Cited by 345 · see citing works
A Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial of Fluoxetine in Body Dysmorphic Disorder
Phillips, K. A., Albertini, R. S., & Rasmussen, S. A. (2002) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.59.4.381 · Cited by 324 · see citing works
Does size matter? Men's and women's views on penis size across the lifespan.
Lever, J., Frederick, D. A., & Peplau, L. A. (2006) · Psychology of Men & Masculinity · doi:10.1037/1524-9220.7.3.129 · Cited by 247 · see citing works
Penile size and the ‘small penis syndrome’
Wylie, K., & Eardley, I. (2007) · BJU International · doi:10.1111/j.1464-410x.2007.06806.x · Cited by 190 · see citing works
Savoie, M., Kim, S. S., & Soloway, M. S. (2003) · The Journal of Urology · doi:10.1097/01.ju.0000053720.93303.33 · Cited by 188 · see citing works
Veale, D., Anson, M., Miles, S., Pieta, M., Costa, A., & Ellison, N. (2014) · Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics · doi:10.1159/000360740 · Cited by 179 · see citing works
Self-citationPenile length is normal in most men seeking penile lengthening procedures
Mondaini, N., Ponchietti, R., Gontero, P., Muir, G., Natali, A., Caldarera, E., Biscioni, S., & Rizzo, M. (2002) · International Journal of Impotence Research · doi:10.1038/sj.ijir.3900887 · Cited by 178 · see citing works
Self-citationPenile Length and Circumference: A Study on 3,300 Young Italian Males
Ponchietti, R., Mondaini, N., egrave, M. B., Loro, F. D., Biscioni, S., & Masieri, L. (2001) · European Urology · doi:10.1159/000052434 · Cited by 142 · see citing works
Development of a Cosmetic Procedure Screening Questionnaire (COPS) for Body Dysmorphic Disorder
Veale, D. M., Ellison, N., Werner, T., Dodhia, R., Serfaty, M. A., & Clarke, A. M. (2011) · Journal of Plastic Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery · doi:10.1016/j.bjps.2011.09.007 · Cited by 134 · see citing works
Self-citationKarpati, A. M., Rubin, C., Kieszak, S. M., Marcus, M., & Troiano, R. P. (2002) · Journal of Adolescent Health · doi:10.1016/s1054-139x(01)00320-2 · Cited by 133 · see citing works
Spyropoulos, E., Christoforidis, C., Borousas, D., Mavrikos, S., Bourounis, M., & Athanasiadis, S. (2005) · European Urology · doi:10.1016/j.eururo.2005.02.021 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
Herbenick, D., Schick, V., Reece, M., Sanders, S. A., & Fortenberry, J. D. (2013) · The Journal of Sexual Medicine · doi:10.1111/jsm.12124 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
(2010) · doi:10.1001/archpediatrics.2010.223 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Position Paper: Management of Men Complaining of a Small Penis Despite an Actually Normal Size
Ghanem, H. M., Glina, S., Assalian, P., & Buvat, J. (2012) · The Journal of Sexual Medicine · doi:10.1111/j.1743-6109.2012.02725.x · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Penile Dysmorphic Disorder: Development of a Screening Scale
Veale, D. M., Miles, S., Read, J., Troglia, A., Echeverria, L. M. C., Fiorito, C., Wells, H., Wylie, K. R., & Muir, G. (2015) · Archives of Sexual Behavior · doi:10.1007/s10508-015-0484-6 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Self-citationPenile length and circumference: an Indian study
Promodu, K., Shanmughadas, K. V., Bhat, S., & Nair, K. R. (2007) · International Journal of Impotence Research · doi:10.1038/sj.ijir.3901569 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Beliefs about Penis Size: Validation of a Scale for Men Ashamed about Their Penis Size
Veale, D. M., Eshkevari, E., Read, J., Miles, S., Troglia, A., Phillips, R., Echeverria, L. M. C., Fiorito, C., Wylie, K. R., & Muir, G. (2013) · The Journal of Sexual Medicine · doi:10.1111/jsm.12294 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Self-citationErect Penile Length and Circumference Dimensions of 1,661 Sexually Active Men in the United States
Herbenick, D., Reece, M., Schick, V., & Sanders, S. A. (2013) · The Journal of Sexual Medicine · doi:10.1111/jsm.12244 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Clinical Study of the Longitudinal Deformation of the Flaccid Penis and of Its Variations with Aging
Bondli, P., Costa, P., Daurès, J. P., Louis, J. F., & Navratil, H. (1992) · European Urology · doi:10.1159/000474858 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Structured Management and Counseling for Patients with a Complaint of a Small Penis
Ghanem, H. M., Shamloul, R. M., Khodeir, F., ElShafie, H., Kaddah, A., & Ismail, I. (2007) · The Journal of Sexual Medicine · doi:10.1111/j.1743-6109.2007.00463.x · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Predicting penile size during erection
Chen, J., Gefen, A., Greenstein, A., Matzkin, H., & Elad, D. (2000) · International Journal of Impotence Research · doi:10.1038/sj.ijir.3900627 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Penile measurements in normal adult Jordanians and in patients with erectile dysfunction
Awwad, Z. M., ABU-HIJLEH, M. A., Basri, S., Shegam, N., Murshidi, M. M., & Ajlouni, K. M. (2004) · International Journal of Impotence Research · doi:10.1038/sj.ijir.3901272 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Veale, D. M., Miles, S., Read, J., Troglia, A., Echeverria, L. M. C., Fiorito, C., Wells, H., Wylie, K. R., & Muir, G. (2015) · Body Image · doi:10.1016/j.bodyim.2014.09.008 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Self-citationPenis size: Survey of female perceptions of sexual satisfaction
Eisenman, R. (2001) · BMC Women s Health · doi:10.1186/1472-6874-1-1 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Khan, S., Somani, B. K., Lam, W., & Donat, R. (2011) · British Journal of Urology · doi:10.1111/j.1464-410x.2011.10338.x · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Schneider, T., Sperling, H. V., Lümmen, G., Syllwasschy, J., & Rubben, H. (2001) · Urology · doi:10.1016/s0090-4295(00)00925-0 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Accurate Method for Determining Functional Penile Length in Turkish Young Men
engezer, M., rk, S. Z., & Devec, M. (2002) · Annals of Plastic Surgery · doi:10.1097/00000637-200204000-00008 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Second to fourth digit ratio: a predictor of adult penile length.
Choi, I.-H., Kim, K., Jung, H., Yoon, S., Kim, S., & Kim, T. B. (2011) · Asian Journal of Andrology · doi:10.1038/aja.2011.75 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Penile size and somatometric parameters among Iranian normal adult men
Mehraban, D., Salehi, M., & Zayeri, F. (2006) · International Journal of Impotence Research · doi:10.1038/sj.ijir.3901532 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Penile length and somatometric parameters: a study in healthy young Turkish men.
Aslan, Y., Atan, A., Aydın, A. O., Nalçacıoğlu, V., Tuncel, A., & Kadıoğlu, A. (2011) · Asian Journal of Andrology · doi:10.1038/aja.2010.109 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Comparing Penile Measurements in Normal and Erectile Dysfunction Subjects
Kamel, I., Gadalla, A. A. E. F. H., Ghanem, H. M., & Oraby, M. (2009) · The Journal of Sexual Medicine · doi:10.1111/j.1743-6109.2009.01305.x · Cited by 44 · see citing works
The Index of Male Genital Image: A New Scale to Assess Male Genital Satisfaction
Davis, S. N. P., Binik, Y. M., Amsel, R., & Carrier, S. (2013) · The Journal of Urology · doi:10.1016/j.juro.2013.03.121 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Relationship between penile size and somatometric parameters in 2276 healthy young men
Söylemez, H., Atar, M., Sancaktutar, A. A., Penbegül, N., Bozkurt, Y. A., & Önem, K. (2011) · International Journal of Impotence Research · doi:10.1038/ijir.2011.53 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Can shoe size predict penile length?
Shah, J., & Christopher, N. A. (2002) · British Journal of Urology · doi:10.1046/j.1464-410x.2002.02974.x · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Anthropometric study of male external genitalia of 320 healthy Nigerian adults.
Ajmani, M., Jain, S., & Saxena, S. (1985) · PubMed · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Lynn, R. (2012) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2012.02.016 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
The Relationships Among Height, Penile Length, and Foot Size
Siminoski, K. G., & Bain, J. (1993) · Sexual Abuse · doi:10.1177/107906329300600305 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Male genital image: Measurement and implications for medical conditions and surgical practice
Davis, S. N. P., Paterson, L. Q. P., & Binik, Y. M. (2011) · Sexologies · doi:10.1016/j.sexol.2011.11.001 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Penile length-somatometric parameters relationship in healthy Egyptian men
Shalaby, M., Almohsen, A. E.-R. M., Elshahid, A. R., Al-Sameaa, M. T. A., & Mostafa, T. (2014) · Andrologia · doi:10.1111/and.12275 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Penile Measurements in Tanzanian Males: Guiding Circumcision Device Design and Supply Forecasting
Chrouser, K. L., Bazant, E., Jin, L. X., Kileo, B., Plotkin, M., Adamu, T., Curran, K., & Koshuma, S. (2013) · The Journal of Urology · doi:10.1016/j.juro.2013.02.3200 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Test-Retest Reliability of the Measurement of Penile Dimensions in a Sample of Gay Men
Harding, R., & Golombok, S. E. (2002) · Archives of Sexual Behavior · doi:10.1023/a:1016276310371 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Erect penile size of Korean men
Choi, S. J., Park, S. H., Bs, L., & Han, J. (1999) · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
A neurodevelopmental origin of behavioral individuality in the Drosophila visual system
Linneweber, G. A., Andriatsilavo, M., Dutta, S. B., Hellbruegge, L., Liu, G., Ejsmont, R. K., Fenk, L. M., Straw, A. D., Wernet, M. F., Hiesinger, P. R., et al. (2020) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.aaw7182 · Cited by 166 · see citing works
Warren, H. R., Raison, N. T. J., & Prokar Dasgupta, A. (2017) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2016.18346 · Cited by 157 · see citing works
Ross, A., & Bhasin, S. (2016) · Urologic Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.ucl.2016.01.002 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Critical evaluation of arguments opposing male circumcision: A systematic review
Morris, B. J., Moreton, S., & Krieger, J. N. (2019) · Journal of Evidence-Based Medicine · doi:10.1111/jebm.12361 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Penile Girth Enhancement with Polymethylmethacrylate-Based Soft Tissue Fillers
Casavantes, L., Lemperle, G. H., & Morales, P. (2016) · The Journal of Sexual Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.jsxm.2016.06.008 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Tetley, J., Lee, D. M., Nazroo, J. Y., & Hinchliff, S. (2016) · Ageing and Society · doi:10.1017/s0144686x16001203 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Penile Girth Enlargement Strategies: What’s the Evidence?
Hehemann, M. C., Towe, M. M., Huynh, L. M., El‐Khatib, F. M., & Yafi, F. A. (2019) · Sexual Medicine Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.sxmr.2018.11.003 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
O’Connor, E. M., Nason, G. J., O’Kelly, F., Manecksha, R. P., & Loeb, S. (2017) · British Journal of Urology · doi:10.1111/bju.13881 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Outcomes Following Gender Affirming Phalloplasty: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Wang, A. M. Q., Tsang, V. W. L., Mankowski, P., Demsey, D., Kavanagh, A. G., & Genoway, K. A. (2022) · Sexual Medicine Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.sxmr.2022.03.002 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Marra, G., Drury, A., Tran, L., Veale, D. M., & Muir, G. (2019) · Sexual Medicine Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.sxmr.2019.01.004 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Self-citationAndersson, M., Sjöström, S., Doroszkiewicz, M., Örtqvist, L., Abrahamsson, K., Sillén, U., & Holmdahl, G. (2020) · Journal of Pediatric Urology · doi:10.1016/j.jpurol.2020.07.005 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
A review of penile elongation surgery
Campbell, J. D., & Gillis, J. A. (2017) · Translational Andrology and Urology · doi:10.21037/tau.2016.11.19 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Habous, M., Muir, G., Soliman, T. T., Farag, M., Williamson, B., Binsaleh, S., Elhadek, W., Mahmoud, S., Ibrahim, H. M., Abdelwahab, O., et al. (2017) · International Journal of Impotence Research · doi:10.1038/s41443-017-0013-3 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Self-citationLittara, A., Melone, R., Morales‐Medina, J. C., Iannitti, T., & Palmieri, B. (2019) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-019-41652-w · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Genital Self-Image and Considerations of Elective Genital Surgery
Smith, N., Butler, S. M., Wagner, B., Collazo, E., Caltabiano, L., & Herbenick, D. (2016) · Journal of Sex & Marital Therapy · doi:10.1080/0092623x.2016.1141820 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Park, S. K., Ergashev, K., Chung, J. M., & Lee, S. D. (2021) · Investigative and Clinical Urology · doi:10.4111/icu.20200495 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Penile size in adult men—recommendations for clinical and research measurements
Greenstein, A., Dekalo, S., & Chen, J. (2020) · International Journal of Impotence Research · doi:10.1038/s41443-019-0157-4 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Veale, D. M., Miles, S., Read, J., Bramley, S., Troglia, A., Echeverria, L. M. C., Fiorito, C., Wells, H., Wylie, K. R., & Muir, G. (2016) · Body Image · doi:10.1016/j.bodyim.2016.02.004 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Self-citationRynja, S. P., de Jong, T. P. V. M., Bosch, J. L. H. R., & de Kort, L. M. O. (2017) · Journal of Pediatric Urology · doi:10.1016/j.jpurol.2017.09.020 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Average-Size Erect Penis: Fiction, Fact, and the Need for Counseling
King, B. M. (2020) · Journal of Sex & Marital Therapy · doi:10.1080/0092623x.2020.1787279 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Cosmetic penile enhancement procedures: an SMSNA position statement
Trost, L. W., Khera, M., Köhler, T., Bernie, H. L., Jenkins, L., Watter, D. N., Yafi, F. A., Ziegelmann, M., & Carrier, S. (2024) · The Journal of Sexual Medicine · doi:10.1093/jsxmed/qdae045 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Penile girth enhancement procedures for aesthetic purposes
Manfredi, C., Otero, J., & Djinovic, R. P. (2021) · International Journal of Impotence Research · doi:10.1038/s41443-021-00459-y · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Revelations on Men Who Seek Penile Augmentation Surgery: A Review
Soubra, A., Natale, C., Brimley, S. C., & Hellstrom, W. J. G. (2021) · Sexual Medicine Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.sxmr.2021.10.003 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Andersson, M., Doroszkiewicz, M., Arfwidsson, C., Abrahamsson, K., Sillén, U., & Holmdahl, G. (2015) · The Journal of Urology · doi:10.1016/j.juro.2015.06.072 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Penile length is preserved after implant surgery
Habous, M., Giona, S., Tealab, A. A., Aziz, M., Sherif, H., Abdelwahab, O., Binsaleh, S., Ralph, D. J., Bettocchi, C., Mulhall, J. P., et al. (2018) · British Journal of Urology · doi:10.1111/bju.14604 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Self-citationPenile Length: Measurement Technique and Applications
Davoudzadeh, E. P., Davoudzadeh, N. P., Margolin, E. J., Stahl, P. J., & Stember, D. S. (2017) · Sexual Medicine Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.sxmr.2017.10.002 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Erect Penile Dimensions in a Cohort of 778 Middle Eastern Men: Establishment of a Nomogram
Habous, M., Tealab, A. A., Williamson, B., Binsaleh, S., Dawy, S. E., Mahmoud, S., Abdelwahab, O., Nassar, M., Mulhall, J. P., Veale, D. M., et al. (2015) · The Journal of Sexual Medicine · doi:10.1111/jsm.12894 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Self-citationSize Matters: Penis Size and Sexual Position in Gay Porn Profiles
Brennan, J. (2017) · Journal of Homosexuality · doi:10.1080/00918369.2017.1364568 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Aesthetic Augmentation Phalloplasty: A Systematic Review of Techniques and Outcomes
Vyas, K. S., Abu‐Ghname, A., Banuelos, J., Morrison, S. D., & Manrique, O. J. (2020) · Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery · doi:10.1097/prs.0000000000007249 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Male esthetic genital surgery: recommendations and gaps to be filled
Bettocchi, C., Checchia, A. A., Falagario, U. G., Ricapito, A., Busetto, G. M., Cormio, L., & Carrieri, G. (2022) · International Journal of Impotence Research · doi:10.1038/s41443-022-00556-6 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Does underestimated penile size impact erectile function in healthy men?
Sanches, . C. F., Laranja, W. W., Alonso, J. C. C., Rejowski, R. F., Simões, F. A., & Reis, L. O. (2018) · International Journal of Impotence Research · doi:10.1038/s41443-018-0039-1 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Analysis of the Interobserver Variability in Penile Length Assessment
Habous, M., Muir, G., Tealab, A. A., Williamson, B., Elkhouly, M., Elhadek, W., Mahmoud, S., Laban, O., Binsaleh, S., Abdelwahab, O., et al. (2015) · The Journal of Sexual Medicine · doi:10.1111/jsm.13005 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Self-citationFalagario, U. G., Piramide, F., Pang, K. H., Durukan, E., Tzelves, L. I., Ricapito, A., Baekelandt, L., Checcucci, E., Carrión, D. M., Bettocchi, C., et al. (2024) · Medicina · doi:10.3390/medicina60050758 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Is It Necessary to Weight Loss in Obese Boys with Small Penile Length? A Case-Control Study
Rezakhaniha, S., Rezakhaniha, B., Aarabi, N., & Siroosbakht, S. (2020) · Journal of Comprehensive Pediatrics · doi:10.5812/compreped.107272 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Architecture of the Corpus Spongiosum: An Anatomical Study
Ottenhof, S. R., de Graaf, P., Soeterik, T. F. W., Neeter, L. M. F. H., Zilverschoon, M., Spinder, M., Bosch, J. L. H. R., Bleys, R. L. A. W., & de Kort, L. M. O. (2016) · The Journal of Urology · doi:10.1016/j.juro.2016.03.136 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Blasdel, G., Kloer, C., Parker, A. C., Shakir, N. A., Zhao, L. C., & Bluebond‐Langner, R. (2022) · Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery · doi:10.1097/prs.0000000000010011 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Predictors of men's genital self-image across sexual orientation and geographic region
Loehle, B., McKie, R. M., Levere, D. D., Bossio, J. A., Humphreys, T. P., & Travers, R. (2017) · The Canadian Journal of Human Sexuality · doi:10.3138/cjhs.262.a7 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Data from 14,597 penile measurements of vietnamese men
Hoai, B. N., Pham, Q. M., Thắng, N. C., Sansone, A., Colonnello, E., & Jannini, E. A. (2021) · Andrology · doi:10.1111/andr.12978 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Early Online Attention Can Predict Citation Counts for Urological Publications: The #UroSoMe_Score
Sathianathen, N. J., Lane, R., Condon, B., Murphy, D. G., Lawrentschuk, N., Weight, C., & Lamb, A. D. G. (2019) · European Urology Focus · doi:10.1016/j.euf.2019.10.015 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Tamanho é documento: narrativas de homens que sofreram amputação por câncer de pênis
Nogueira, L. R., Nogueira, R. M. D. R., Pacheco, M. A. B., Monteiro, C. B., & Loyola, C. M. D. (2021) · Research Society and Development · doi:10.33448/rsd-v10i13.21454 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
The Case Report of Priapus and a Modern Approach to an Ancient Affliction
Yücel, Ö. B., Salabaş, E., Ermeç, B., & Kadıoğlu, A. (2016) · Sexual Medicine Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.sxmr.2016.08.003 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Wang, Z., Liu, X., Tan, Y., Zhai, Z., Wu, K., Kuang, Y., Ostrovidov, S., Shao, D., Wang, Y., Leong, K. W., et al. (2025) · Nature Biomedical Engineering · doi:10.1038/s41551-025-01367-y · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Spennato, S., Ederer, I. A., Borisov, K., Kueenzlen, L., Rothenberger, J. M., Kühn, S., Schloßhauer, T., Kiehlmann, M., Wehle, A., Sohn, M. H. H., et al. (2022) · The Journal of Sexual Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.jsxm.2022.01.004 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Pastoor, H., & Gregory, A. (2020) · The Journal of Sexual Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.jsxm.2020.03.015 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Heo, Y., Kim, J.-H., Cha, C., Shin, K.-S., Roh, J., & Jo, J. K. (2021) · Sensors · doi:10.3390/s22010231 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Penis Enlargement by Penile Suspensory Ligament Division with Cross-Plasty of the Skin
Boiko, M. I., S, M., Boiko, O. M., & Chernokulskyi, I. S. (2022) · Urology Research and Practice · doi:10.5152/tud.2022.21242 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Asafo-Agyei, S. B., Ameyaw, E., Chanoine, J.-P., & Nguah, S. B. (2017) · International Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology · doi:10.1186/s13633-017-0042-1 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Size did not matter: An evolutionary account of the variation in penis size and size anxiety
Apostolou, M. (2016) · Cogent Psychology · doi:10.1080/23311908.2016.1147933 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Men’s health and transgender surgery: a urologist’s perspective
Garcia, M. M. (2016) · Translational Andrology and Urology · doi:10.21037/tau.2016.01.09 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Penile length and circumference dimensions: A large study in young Italian men
Mauro, M. D., Tonioni, C., Cocci, A., Kluth, L. A., Russo, G. I., Rivas, J. G., Cacciamani, G. E., Cito, G., Morelli, G., Polloni, G., et al. (2021) · Andrologia · doi:10.1111/and.14053 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Wearable Soft Microtube Sensors for Quantitative Home-Based Erectile Dysfunction Monitoring
Sng, C. M. N., Wee, L. M. C., Tang, K. C., Lee, K. C. J., Wu, Q. H., Yeo, J. C., & Bhagat, A. A. S. (2022) · Sensors · doi:10.3390/s22239344 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Liu, J., & Wang, M. (2021) · International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics · doi:10.1002/ijgo.13722 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Factors affecting post-pubertal penile size in patients with hypospadias
Moriya, K., Nakamura, M., Nishimura, Y., Kitta, T., Kanno, Y., Chiba, H., Kon, M., & Shinohara, N. (2016) · World Journal of Urology · doi:10.1007/s00345-016-1763-0 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Bertelloni, S., Baldinotti, F., Baroncelli, G. I., Caligo, M. A., & Peroni, D. G. (2019) · Sexual Development · doi:10.1159/000497400 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Isaacson, D. S., Aghili, R., Wongwittavas, N., & Garcia, M. M. (2017) · The Journal of Sexual Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.jsxm.2017.09.012 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Penile Length Measurement: Methodological Challenges and Recommendations, a Systematic Review
Çakır, Ö. O., Pozzi, E., Castiglione, F., Alnajjar, H. M., Salonia, A., & Muneer, A. (2021) · The Journal of Sexual Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.jsxm.2020.11.012 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Miranda, A. (2021) · Sexual Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.esxm.2021.100456 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
#Penisenlargement on Instagram: a mixed-methods study
Çağlayan, A., & Gül, M. (2022) · International Journal of Impotence Research · doi:10.1038/s41443-022-00646-5 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Hussein, N. S., Abid, A. F., & Alnuaimi, A. S. (2017) · Arab Journal of Urology · doi:10.1016/j.aju.2017.01.001 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Goel, P., Choudhury, P., Saroya, K. K., Jain, V., Dhua, A. K., Yadav, D. K., Anand, S., Agarwala, S., Sharma, K., Agrawal, V., et al. (2024) · Journal of Indian Association of Pediatric Surgeons · doi:10.4103/jiaps.jiaps_11_24 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Johns, S. E., & Bushnell, N. (2023) · The Journal of Sex Research · doi:10.1080/00224499.2023.2175193 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Factors Associated with Satisfaction with Male Genital Self-Image in Brazil
da Silva, E. V., de Arruda, G. T., & Braz, M. M. (2023) · Archives of Sexual Behavior · doi:10.1007/s10508-023-02656-w · Cited by 10 · see citing works
de Arruda, G. T., da Silva, E. V., & Braz, M. M. (2021) · The Journal of Sexual Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.jsxm.2021.07.016 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Miller, D. J., & Stubbings-Laverty, R. (2022) · Sexes · doi:10.3390/sexes3040042 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Хомуленко, Т., Krynychko, V., & Василевський, В. С. (2025) · Слобожанський науковий вісник. Серія Психологія. · doi:10.32782/psyspu/2025.2.33 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Bennett, N., Henry, G. D., Karpman, E., Brant, W. O., Jones, L. A., Khera, M., Köhler, T., Christine, B. S., Rhee, E. Y., Kansas, B., et al. (2017) · Translational Andrology and Urology · doi:10.21037/tau.2017.12.01 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Stretched penile length and its associations with testosterone and infertility
Slade, A. D., Christiansen, A. R., Keihani, S., Brant, W. O., & Hotaling, J. M. (2021) · Translational Andrology and Urology · doi:10.21037/tau-20-788 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Stretched penile length at birth: a systematic review
Soto, Á. L., González, M. B., Reyes, M. U., Morcillo, J. G., Meseguer-González, J. L., Uriarte, J. M., Izquierdo, O. G., Donate-Legaz, J. M., Leante‐Castellanos, J. L., & Martínez‐Cendán, J. P. (2021) · Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1515/jpem-2021-0189 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Mostafaei, H., Mori, K., Atayama, S., Quhal, F., Pradere, B., Yanagisawa, T., Laukhtina, E., König, F., Motlagh, R. S., Rajwa, P., et al. (2025) · Urology Research and Practice · doi:10.5152/tud.2025.24038 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Dynamic compliance penis enlargement patch
Zheng, R., Zhong, W., Chai, M., & Shi, X. (2024) · Bioactive Materials · doi:10.1016/j.bioactmat.2024.08.039 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Chung, E., Jenkins, L. C., Moon, D. G., Ziegelmann, M., Deveci, S., Lin, H. C., Broderick, G. A., Seyam, R. M., Morey, A. F., & Levine, L. A. (2025) · Sexual Medicine Reviews · doi:10.1093/sxmrev/qeaf067 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
The impact of male genital self-image on depression, anxiety and sexual functions
Sonbahar, A. E. (2024) · The Aging Male · doi:10.1080/13685538.2024.2363275 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Alves Barboza, R., da Silva, E. A., Ruellas, T., & Damião, R. (2018) · International Journal of Impotence Research · doi:10.1038/s41443-017-0009-z · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Penile dimensions: What are surgeons measuring?
Blecher, G. A., Vukina, J., & Ralph, D. J. (2019) · International Journal of Impotence Research · doi:10.1038/s41443-019-0135-x · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Smith, S. M., Yuan, N., Stelmar, J., Zaliznyak, M., Lee, G., Bresee, C. J., & Garcia, M. M. (2022) · Sexual Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.esxm.2022.100569 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Kayra, M. V., Anıl, H., Ilturk, O., Baradia, S. M. A., & Toksöz, S. (2025) · International Journal of Impotence Research · doi:10.1038/s41443-025-01098-3 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Microphallus early management in infancy saves adulthood sensual life: A comprehensive review
Al‐Beltagi, M., Saeed, N. K., Bediwy, A. S., Shaikh, M. A., & Elbeltagi, R. M. (2024) · World Journal of Clinical Pediatrics · doi:10.5409/wjcp.v13.i2.89224 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
A new surgical technique for hymenoplasty: A solution, but for which problem?
Shaw, D., & Dickens, B. M. (2015) · International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics · doi:10.1016/j.ijgo.2015.04.023 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Penile Erection Morphometry: The Need for a Novel Approach
Kim, J., So, B., Heo, Y., So, H., & Jo, J. K. (2023) · The World Journal of Men s Health · doi:10.5534/wjmh.230179 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Penile enhancement: A comprehensive and current perspective
Chen, Y., Jiang, Y., Li, W., Wang, B., Guo, X., Mai, Z., Deng, W., Zhu, Y., Han, B., & Sun, Z. (2024) · Current Urology · doi:10.1097/cu9.0000000000000264 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Solé, M., González, I. T., Compagnucci, M., Camusso, G. C., Dalvit, M., Chiconi, B., Layús, O., Gueglio, G., & Valzacchi, G. R. (2022) · Asian Journal of Andrology · doi:10.4103/aja2021121 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Goldstein, I., Gelbard, M. K., & Lipshultz, L. I. (2022) · Sexual Medicine Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.sxmr.2021.12.005 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Sex Doll Specifications versus Human Body Characteristics
Hanson, K. R., Döring, N. M., & Walter, R. (2024) · Archives of Sexual Behavior · doi:10.1007/s10508-024-02871-z · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Female Choice and the Evolution of Penis Size
Apostolou, M. (2015) · Archives of Sexual Behavior · doi:10.1007/s10508-015-0580-7 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Vieiralves, R. R., Conte, P. H. P., Felici, E., Rodrigues, N. C. P., SOUZA, T. A., Sampaio, F. J. B., & Favorito, L. A. (2017) · Advances in Urology · doi:10.1155/2017/6321702 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Yürük, E., Temiz, M. Z., Çolakerol, A., & Müslümanoğlu, A. Y. (2015) · International Journal of Impotence Research · doi:10.1038/ijir.2015.34 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Penile Dimensions of Diabetic and Nondiabetic Men With Erectile Dysfunction: A Case–Control Study
Salama, N. (2015) · American Journal of Men s Health · doi:10.1177/1557988315592026 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Rossi, A., Alei, G., Frisenda, M., Tufano, A., Viscuso, P., Mantica, G., Bove, P., Leonardi, R., & Calarco, A. (2022) · Archivio Italiano di Urologia e Andrologia · doi:10.4081/aiua.2022.3.339 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Vorobev, V., Белобородов, В. А., Sherbatykh, A., Kalyagin, A. N., Baklanova, O., Попов, С. Л., & Sidorov, S. A. (2023) · Basic and Clinical Andrology · doi:10.1186/s12610-023-00186-y · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Schill, S., Panfilov, D., & Mirastschijski, U. (2019) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-57392-1_5 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Penile size and stretched rate in a Japanese male population: A cross‐sectional cadaveric study
Suzuki, M., Ikegaya, H., Idota, N., Kawai, T., Sato, Y., & Kume, H. (2019) · International Journal of Urology · doi:10.1111/iju.14052 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Defining Aesthetic Preferences for the Penis: A Photogrammetric and Crowdsourcing Analysis
Massie, J. P., Sood, R., Nolan, I. T., Sasson, D. C., Swanson, M. A., Morrison, S. D., & Placik, O. J. (2021) · Aesthetic Surgery Journal · doi:10.1093/asj/sjab082 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
A comment about the quantitative analysis of normal vaginal shape and dimension
Matthes, Â. D. C. S., & Matthes, G. Z. (2016) · International Urogynecology Journal · doi:10.1007/s00192-016-3094-5 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Establishing the role of single‐stage preputial spiral graft urethroplasty for panurethral stricture
Bandini, M., Joshi, P. M., Bafna, S., Yepes, C., Alrefaey, A., Longoni, M., Montorsi, F., & Kulkarni, S. (2025) · British Journal of Urology · doi:10.1111/bju.16796 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Atypical Sexual Interests in Compulsive Sexual Behavior: Results From a Phallometric Study
Castro‐Calvo, J., Giménez‐García, C., García-Barba, M., Gil‐Llario, M. D., & Ballester‐Arnal, R. (2022) · Sexual Abuse · doi:10.1177/10790632221098358 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Lin, W., Xie, Y.-N., Chen, Y.-K., Cai, J., Zou, J., Zheng, J., Liu, Y., Li, Z., & Ye-xi, C. (2022) · World Journal of Clinical Cases · doi:10.12998/wjcc.v10.i31.11338 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Nguyen, H. M. T., DeLay, K. J., Diao, L., Haney, N. M., Anaissie, J. E., Yafi, F. A., Sikka, S. C., & Hellstrom, W. J. G. (2017) · Translational Andrology and Urology · doi:10.21037/tau.2017.07.26 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Rezakhaniha, B., & Siroosbakht, S. (2022) · Journal of Comprehensive Pediatrics · doi:10.5812/compreped-130095 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Ramazan, M., Øbro, L. F., Wiborg, M. H., Fode, M. M., Jensen, C. F. S., Osther, P. J. S., & Fojecki, G. L. (2025) · International Journal of Impotence Research · doi:10.1038/s41443-025-01190-8 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Reasons for Genital Dissatisfaction in a Sample of Brazilian Men
da Silva, E. V., Braz, M. M., & Pivetta, H. M. F. (2024) · Archives of Sexual Behavior · doi:10.1007/s10508-024-02818-4 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
- Authors
- Veale, D., Miles, S., Bramley, S., Muir, G., & Hodsoll, J.
- Affiliations
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust (GB)
- The Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience London UK
- King's College London (GB)
- King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Veale, David
- Venue
- BJU International
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2015-03-02
- Volume
- 115
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 978-986
- ISSN
- 1464-4096 (ISSN-L)
- 1464-410X
- OpenAlex
- W1589660493
- Cited by
- 213
- References
- 51
- Citations by year
- 2026: 16 · 2025: 19 · 2024: 20 · 2023: 23 · 2022: 27 · 2021: 28 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 15 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 19 · 2016: 17 · 2015: 11
- FWCI
- 2.16
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- British Journal of Urology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research Portal (King's College London) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and King’s College London
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Sexual function and dysfunction studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Genital Health and Disease
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Urology › Urological Disorders and Treatments
- Keywords
- penile size, penile circumference, nomogram, reference values
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Anthropometry, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Organ Size, Penile Erection, Penis, Reference Values, Nomograms, Young Adult
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
