The DOI matches its Crossref record; 12 of the 12 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Inflammation in gastric cancer: Interplay of the COX‐2/prostaglandin E2 and Toll‐like receptor/MyD88 pathways
Open accessAbstract
Cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2) and its downstream product prostaglandin E 2 (PGE 2) play a key role in generation of the inflammatory microenvironment in tumor tissues. Gastric cancer is closely associated with Helicobacter pylori infection, which stimulates innate immune responses through Toll‐like receptors (TLRs), inducing COX‐2/PGE 2 pathway through nuclear factor‐κB activation. A pathway analysis of human gastric cancer shows that both the COX‐2 pathway and Wnt/β‐catenin signaling are significantly activated in tubular‐type gastric cancer, and basal levels of these pathways are also increased in other types of gastric cancer. Expression of interleukin‐11, chemokine (C‐X‐C motif) ligand 1 (CXCL1), CXCL2, and CXCL5, which play tumor‐promoting roles through a variety of mechanisms, is induced in a COX‐2/PGE 2 pathway‐dependent manner in both human and mouse gastric tumors. Moreover, the COX‐2/PGE 2 pathway plays an important role in the maintenance of stemness with expression of stem cell markers, including CD44, Prom1, and Sox9, which are induced in both gastritis and gastric tumors through a COX‐2/PGE 2‐dependent mechanism. In contrast, disruption of Myd88 results in suppression of the inflammatory microenvironment in gastric tumors even when the COX‐2/PGE 2 pathway is activated, indicating that the interplay of the COX‐2/PGE 2 and TLR/MyD88 pathways is needed for inflammatory response in tumor tissues. Furthermore, TLR2/MyD88 signaling plays a role in maintenance of stemness in normal stem cells as well as gastric tumor cells. Accordingly, these results suggest that targeting the COX‐2/PGE 2 pathway together with TLR/MyD88 signaling, which would suppress the inflammatory microenvironment and maintenance of stemness, could be an effective preventive or therapeutic strategy for gastric cancer.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Coussens, L. M., & Werb, Z. (2002) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature01322 · Cited by 15,111
Comprehensive molecular characterization of gastric adenocarcinoma
The Cancer Genome Atlas Research Network (2014) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature13480 · Cited by 6,498
Modulation of oxidative stress as an anticancer strategy
Gorrini, C., Harris, I. S., & Mak, T. W. (2013) · Nature Reviews Drug Discovery · doi:10.1038/nrd4002 · Cited by 3,579
IKKβ Links Inflammation and Tumorigenesis in a Mouse Model of Colitis-Associated Cancer
Greten, F. R., Eckmann, L., Greten, T. F., Park, J. M., Li, Z.-W., Egan, L. J., Kagnoff, M. F., & Karin, M. (2004) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2004.07.013 · Cited by 2,433
Signaling in innate immunity and inflammation
Newton, K., & Dixit, V. M. (2012) · Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology · doi:10.1101/cshperspect.a006049 · Cited by 1,513
Adenoma–linked barrier defects and microbial products drive IL-23/IL-17-mediated tumour growth
Grivennikov, S. I., Wang, K., Mucida, D., Stewart, C. A., Schnabl, B., Jauch, D., Taniguchi, K., Yu, G.-Y., Österreicher, C. H., Hung, K. E., et al. (2012) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature11465 · Cited by 1,327
Ishimoto, T., Nagano, O., Yae, T., Tamada, M., Motohara, T., Oshima, H., Oshima, M., Ikeda, T., Asaba, R., Yagi, H., et al. (2011) · Cancer Cell · doi:10.1016/j.ccr.2011.01.038 · Cited by 1,192
Self-citationCarcinoma-produced factors activate myeloid cells through TLR2 to stimulate metastasis
Kim, S., Takahashi, H., Lin, W.-W., Descargues, P., Grivennikov, S., Kim, Y., Luo, J.-L., & Karin, M. (2009) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature07623 · Cited by 1,100
Bollrath, J., Phesse, T. J., von Burstin, V. A., Putoczki, T., Bennecke, M., Bateman, T., Nebelsiek, T., Lundgren-May, T., Canli, Ö., Schwitalla, S., et al. (2009) · Cancer Cell · doi:10.1016/j.ccr.2009.01.002 · Cited by 946
Yang, L., Huang, J., Ren, X., Gorska, A. E., Chytil, A., Aakre, M., Carbone, D. P., Matrisian, L. M., Richmond, A., Lin, P. C., et al. (2008) · Cancer Cell · doi:10.1016/j.ccr.2007.12.004 · Cited by 918
Cited by
Bai, J., Zhang, Y., Tang, C., Hou, Y., Ai, X., Chen, X., Zhang, Y., Wang, X., & Meng, X. (2021) · Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy · doi:10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110985 · Cited by 720
Li, W., Zhang, X., Wu, F., Zhou, Y., Bao, Z., Li, H., Zheng, P., & Zhao, S. (2019) · Cell Death & Disease · doi:10.1038/s41419-019-2131-y · Cited by 359
Munn, L. L. (2017) · WIREs Systems Biology and Medicine · doi:10.1002/wsbm.1370 · Cited by 257
Metadata
- Authors
- Echizen, K., Hirose, O., Maeda, Y., & Oshima, M.
- Venue
- Cancer Science
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2016-03-18
- Volume
- 107
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 391-397
- ISSN
- 1347-9032 (ISSN-L)
- 1349-7006
- OpenAlex
- W2315204759
- Cited by
- 238
- References
- 12
- FWCI
- 14.30
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Inflammation in gastric cancer: Interplay of the COX‐2/prostaglandin E2 and Toll‐like receptor/MyD88 pathways. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1111/cas.12901
- The paper
- Echizen, K., Hirose, O., Maeda, Y., & Oshima, M. (2016). Inflammation in gastric cancer: Interplay of the COX‐2/prostaglandin E2 and Toll‐like receptor/MyD88 pathways. Cancer Science. https://doi.org/10.1111/cas.12901
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
