Novel approaches for the design, delivery and administration of vaccine technologies
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Summary: It is easy to argue that vaccine development represents humankind’s most important and successful endeavour, such is the impact that vaccination has had on human morbidity and mortality over the last 200 years. During this time the original method of Jenner and Pasteur, i.e. that of injecting live-attenuated or inactivated pathogens, has been developed and supplemented with a wide range of alternative approaches which are now in clinical use or under development. These next-generation technologies have been designed to produce a vaccine that has the effectiveness of the original live-attenuated and inactivated vaccines, but without the associated risks and limitations. Indeed, the method of development has undoubtedly moved away from Pasteur’s three Is paradigm (isolate, inactivate, inject) towards an approach of rational design, made possible by improved knowledge of the pathogen–host interaction and the mechanisms of the immune system. These novel vaccines have explored methods for targeted delivery of antigenic material, as well as for the control of release profiles, so that dosing regimens can be matched to the time-lines of immune system stimulation and the realities of health-care delivery in dispersed populations. The methods by which vaccines are administered are also the subject of intense research in the hope that needle and syringe dosing, with all its associated issues regarding risk of injury, cross-infection and patient compliance, can be replaced. This review provides a detailed overview of new vaccine vectors as well as information pertaining to the novel delivery platforms under development.
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Improved antigen delivery methods such as liposomes, polymeric particles, inorganic particles, outer membrane vesicles, immunostimulating complexes, and self-assembling protein nanoparticles have the potential to optimally enhance and skew immune responses to pathogens against which traditional vaccine approaches have been unsuccessful.
“These, and other methods such as self-assembling protein nanoparticles, have the potential to optimally enhance and skew the immune response to pathogens against which traditional vaccine approaches have proven to be unsuccessful129,134.”
From A guide to vaccinology: from basic principles to new developments (2021) · cites this paper as [129]
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A guide to vaccinology: from basic principles to new developments
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Current Challenges in Vaccinology
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- Authors
- Wallis, J., Shenton, D. P., & Carlisle, R. C.
- Affiliations
- University of Oxford (GB)
- Defence Science and Technology Laboratory (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Wallis, J
- Venue
- Clinical and Experimental Immunology
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2019-04-08
- Volume
- 196
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 189-204
- ISSN
- 0009-9104 (ISSN-L)
- 1365-2249
- PMC
- PMC6468175
- OpenAlex
- W2940118982
- Cited by
- 123
- References
- 188
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 16 · 2023: 26 · 2022: 20 · 2021: 22 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 1
- FWCI
- 1.38
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Clinical & Experimental Immunology (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- University of Oxford
- EPSRC (EP/L024012/1)
- Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (EP/L016494/1)
- Defence Science and Technology Laboratory (DSTLX-1000102376)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immunotherapy and Immune Responses
- Life Sciences › Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics › Pharmaceutical Science › Advanced Drug Delivery Systems
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Emergency Medicine › Intramuscular injections and effects
- Keywords
- vaccine design, vaccine delivery, vaccine administration, live attenuated vaccine, inactivated vaccine, rational vaccine design, host-pathogen interaction, antigen delivery, controlled release, needle-free vaccination, vaccine vectors, dosing regimen
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Antigens, Humans, Vaccination, Vaccines, Inactivated, Drug Delivery Systems
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