Diagnosis and complications of Cushing’s disease: gender-related differences
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Cushing's disease (CD) presents a remarkable preponderance in female gender, with a female-to-male ratio of 3-8:1. The aim of this study was to evaluate gender-related differences in the presentation of CD, as regards: biochemical indices of hypercortisolism; sensitivity of diagnostic tests; clinical features and complications of disease. METHODS: We retrospectively studied 84 adult patients with CD, 67 women and 17 men, evaluated at diagnosis. We compared the features of the disease between the sexes and analysed the effect of gender on CD complications, adjusted for potential confounders (age, gonadal status, BMI, urinary free cortisol values). RESULTS: We observed no differences between males and females as regards age at diagnosis, disease duration and BMI. Men, compared with women, presented higher urinary free cortisol values (P < 0·001) and ACTH values (P < 0·05). As regards diagnostic tests, men presented a lower ACTH response to DDAVP stimulation (P < 0·05). The pituitary tumour itself was less easily visualized by pituitary MRI in males compared with females (P < 0·05). Furthermore, some complications of disease were more frequent or more severe in men, in particular hypokalaemia (P < 0·05), hypercoagulable state and osteoporosis at lumbar spine (P < 0·01), with consequent higher risk of vertebral fractures. Male gender was found to be an independent risk factor for dyslipidaemia, severity of hypertension, lumbar osteoporosis and fractures. CONCLUSIONS: Although CD is less frequent in male patients, in this gender, it presents with more florid clinical manifestations and may imply more diagnostic difficulties.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
No sex-related differences have been described in the prevalence of this Cushing syndrome complication.
“No sex-related differences have been described in the prevalence of this CS complication (, ).”
From Glucose Metabolism Abnormalities in Cushing Syndrome: From Molecular Basis to Clinical Management (2017) · cites this paper as [189]
Cites
Detection, evaluation, and treatment of high blood cholesterol in adults (Adult Treatment Panel III)
Grundy, S. M., Becker, D. M., Clark, L. T., Cooper, R., Denke, M. A., Howard, J. L., Hunninghake, D. B., Illingworth, D. R., Luepker, R. V., McBride, P. E., et al. (2002) · Civil War Book Review · Cited by 12,198 · see citing works
A Critical Evaluation of Simple Methods for the Estimation of Free Testosterone in Serum
Vermeulen, A., Verdonck, L., & Kaufman, J. M. (1999) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem.84.10.6079 · Cited by 3,824 · see citing works
Vertebral fracture assessment using a semiquantitative technique
Genant, H. K., Wu, C. Y., van Kuijk, C., & Nevitt, M. C. (1993) · Journal of Bone and Mineral Research · doi:10.1002/jbmr.5650080915 · Cited by 3,691 · see citing works
The diagnosis of Cushing's syndrome: an Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline.
Nieman, L. K., Biller, B. M. K., Findling, J. W., Newell-Price, J., Savage, M. O., Stewart, P. M., & Montori, V. M. (2008) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2008-0125 · Cited by 2,718 · see citing works
Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus
American Diabetes Association (2011) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc12-s064 · Cited by 1,494 · see citing works
Diagnosis and complications of Cushing’s syndrome: a consensus statement
Arnaldi, G., Angeli, A., Atkinson, A. B., Bertagna, X., Cavagnini, F., Chrousos, G. P., Fava, G. A., Findling, J. W., Gaillard, R. C., Grossman, A. B., et al. (2003) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2003-030871 · Cited by 1,362 · see citing works
The effect of ABO blood group on the diagnosis of von Willebrand disease
Gill, J., Endres-Brooks, J., Bauer, P., Marks, W. J., & Montgomery, R. (1987) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood.v69.6.1691.1691 · Cited by 954 · see citing works
The Diagnosis and Differential Diagnosis of Cushing’s Syndrome and Pseudo-Cushing’s States
Newell-Price, J., Trainer, P., Besser, M., & Grossman, A. (1998) · Endocrine Reviews · doi:10.1210/edrv.19.5.0346 · Cited by 833 · see citing works
Morbidity and mortality in Cushing's disease: an epidemiological approach.
Etxabe, J., & Vazquez, J. A. (1994) · Clinical Endocrinology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2265.1994.tb02486.x · Cited by 622 · see citing works
The Diagnosis and Differential Diagnosis of Cushing's Syndrome and Pseudo-Cushing's States
Newell-Price, J. D. C. (1998) · Endocrine Reviews · doi:10.1210/er.19.5.647 · Cited by 360 · see citing works
Boscaro, M., Barzon, L., Fallo, F., & Sonino, N. (2001) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(00)04172-6 · Cited by 344 · see citing works
Gender-Related Differences in the Presentation and Course of Cushing’s Disease
Giraldi, F. P., Moro, M., & Cavagnini, F. (2003) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2002-021518 · Cited by 260 · see citing works
BERTAGNA, X. Y., Guignat, L., Groussin, L., & Bertherat, J. Y. (2009) · Best Practice & Research Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.beem.2009.06.001 · Cited by 221 · see citing works
Association of Hypertension and Hypokalemia with Cushing's Syndrome Caused by Ectopic ACTH Secretion
Torpy, D. J., Mullen, N., Ilias, Ι., & Nieman, L. K. (2002) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2002.tb04419.x · Cited by 173 · see citing works
Chiodini, I., Carnevale, V., Torlontano, M., Fusilli, S., Guglielmi, G., Pileri, M., Modoni, S., Giorgio, A. D., Liuzzi, A., Minisola, S., et al. (1998) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem.83.6.4880 · Cited by 154 · see citing works
Reid, I. R., Evans, M. C., Wattie, D. J., Ames, R. W., & Cundy, T. (1992) · Osteoporosis International · doi:10.1007/bf01623844 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Tirabassi, G., Faloia, E., Papa, R., Furlani, G., Boscaro, M., & Arnaldi, G. (2010) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2009-1146 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Wetzsteon, R. J., Justine Shults, A., Zemel, B. S., Gupta, P., Burnham, J. M., Herskovitz, R. M., Howard, K. M., & Leonard, M. B. (2008) · Journal of Bone and Mineral Research · doi:10.1359/jbmr.081101 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Storr, H. L., Isidori, A. M., Monson, J. P., BESSER, G. M., Grossman, A. B., & Savage, M. O. (2004) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2003-031531 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Chaidarun, S., Swearingen, B., & Alexander, J. M. (1998) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem.83.9.5128 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Losa, M., Bianchi, R., Barzaghi, L. R., Giovanelli, M. A., & Mortini, P. (2009) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2009-0844 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Predicting late recurrence in surgically treated patients with C ushing's disease
Barbot, M., Albiger, N. M. E., Koutroumpi, S., Ceccato, F., Frigo, A. C., Manara, R., Fassina, A., Gardiman, M. P., Scanarini, M., Mantero, F., et al. (2012) · Clinical Endocrinology · doi:10.1111/cen.12133 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
The pituitary–adrenal axis and body composition
Fernandez-Rodriguez, E., Stewart, P. M., & Cooper, M. S. (2009) · Pituitary · doi:10.1007/s11102-008-0098-2 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Romanholi, D. J. P. C., Machado, M. C., Pereira, C. C., Danilovic, D. L. S., Pereira, M. A. A., Cescato, V. Â. S., Neto, M. B. C. C., Musolino, N. R. D. C., Mendonca, B. B., & Salgado, L. R. (2008) · Clinical Endocrinology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2265.2007.03168.x · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Casonato, A., Daidone, V., Sartorello, F., Albiger, N. M. E., Romualdi, C., Mantero, F., Pagnan, A., & Scaroni, C. M. (2007) · British Journal of Haematology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2141.2007.06907.x · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Chaidarun, S. (1998) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.83.9.3308 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Perez‐Rivas, L. G., Theodoropoulou, M., Ferraù, F., Nusser, C., Kawaguchi, K., Stratakis, C. A., Faucz, F. R., Wildemberg, L. E., Assié, G., Beschorner, R., et al. (2015) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2015-1453 · Cited by 222 · see citing works
Cushing's disease: pathobiology, diagnosis, and management
Lonser, R. R., Nieman, L., & Oldfield, E. H. (2017) · Journal of Neurosurgery · doi:10.3171/2016.1.jns152119 · Cited by 215 · see citing works
Time to diagnosis in Cushing's syndrome: a meta-analysis based on 5367 patients
Rubinstein, G., Osswald, A., Hoster, E., Losa, M., Elenkova, A., Zacharieva, S., Machado, M. C., Hanzu, F. A., Zopp, S., Ritzel, K., et al. (2020) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/clinem/dgz136 · Cited by 180 · see citing works
Glucose Metabolism Abnormalities in Cushing Syndrome: From Molecular Basis to Clinical Management
Scaroni, C., Zilio, M., Foti, M., & Boscaro, M. (2017) · Endocrine Reviews · doi:10.1210/er.2016-1105 · Cited by 140 · see citing works
Cushing's syndrome: Overview of clinical presentation, diagnostic tools and complications
Barbot, M., Zilio, M., & Scaroni, C. M. (2020) · Best Practice & Research Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.beem.2020.101380 · Cited by 122 · see citing works
Wagner, J., Langlois, F., Lim, D. S. T., McCartney, S., & Fleseriu, M. (2019) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2018.00805 · Cited by 118 · see citing works
The Pathophysiology and Treatment of Hypertension in Patients With Cushing's Syndrome
Barbot, M., Ceccato, F., & Scaroni, C. M. (2019) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2019.00321 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
O'Neill, D. G., Scudder, C., Faire, J. M., Church, D. B., McGreevy, P. D., Thomson, P. C., & Brodbelt, D. C. (2016) · Journal of Small Animal Practice · doi:10.1111/jsap.12523 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Diabetes Mellitus Secondary to Cushing’s Disease
Barbot, M., Ceccato, F., & Scaroni, C. M. (2018) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2018.00284 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Glucocorticoid Sexual Dimorphism in Metabolism: Dissecting the Role of Sex Hormones
Kroon, J., Pereira, A. M., & Meijer, O. C. (2020) · Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.tem.2020.01.010 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Ceccato, F., Lombardi, G., Manara, R., Emanuelli, E., Denaro, L., Milanese, L., Gardiman, M. P., Bertorelle, R., Scanarini, M., D’Avella, D., et al. (2015) · Journal of Neuro-Oncology · doi:10.1007/s11060-014-1702-0 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Bernstein, S. R., Kelleher, C., & Khalil, R. A. (2023) · Biochemical Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115737 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Zhou, J., Zhang, M., Bai, X., Cui, S., Pang, C., Lü, L., Pang, H., Guo, X., Wang, Y., & Xing, B. (2019) · International Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1155/2019/7159696 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Pivonello, R., Arnaldi, G., Scaroni, C. M., Giordano, C. S. D. S., Cannavò, S., Iacuaniello, D., Trementino, L., Zilio, M., Guarnotta, V., Albani, A., et al. (2019) · Endocrine · doi:10.1007/s12020-018-1818-7 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Association of hypokalemia with cortisol and ACTH levels in Cushing's disease
Fan, L., Zhuang, Y., Wang, Y., Liu, X., Liu, D., Xiang, B., He, M., Zhang, Z., Li, Y., Wang, Y., et al. (2019) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/nyas.14205 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Early recognition of aggressive pituitary adenomas: a single-centre experience
Ceccato, F., Regazzo, D., Barbot, M., Denaro, L., Emanuelli, E., Borsetto, D., Rolma, G., Alessio, L., Gardiman, M. P., Lombardi, G., et al. (2017) · Acta Neurochirurgica · doi:10.1007/s00701-017-3396-5 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Glucose metabolism in Cushing's syndrome
Sharma, A. R., & Vella, A. V. (2020) · Current Opinion in Endocrinology Diabetes and Obesity · doi:10.1097/med.0000000000000537 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
The Interaction of Insulin and Pituitary Hormone Syndromes
Schernthaner-Reiter, M. H., Wolf, P. S., Vila, G., & Luger, A. (2021) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2021.626427 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Prenatal corticosterone exposure programs sex-specific adrenal adaptations in mouse offspring
Cuffe, J. S. M., Turton, E. L., Akison, L. K., Bielefeldt‐Ohmann, H., & Moritz, K. M. (2016) · Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1530/joe-16-0417 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Sex Differences in Presentation but Not in Outcome for ACTH-Dependent Cushing's Syndrome
Broersen, L. H. A., van Haalen, F. M., Kienitz, T., Biermasz, N. R., Strasburger, C. J., Dekkers, O. M., & Pereira, A. M. (2019) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2019.00580 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Novel approaches to bone comorbidity in Cushing’s disease: an update
Frara, S., di Filippo, L., Doga, M., Loli, P., Casanueva, F. F., & Giustina, A. (2022) · Pituitary · doi:10.1007/s11102-022-01252-w · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Shin, S. S., Gardner, P. A., Ng, J., Faraji, A. H., Agarwal, N., Chivukula, S., Fernandez-Miranda, J. C., Snyderman, C. H., & Challinor, S. M. (2015) · World Neurosurgery · doi:10.1016/j.wneu.2015.07.065 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Liu, X., Zhu, X., Zeng, M., Zhuang, Y., Zhou, Y., Zhang, Z., Yang, Y., Wang, Y., Ye, H., & Li, Y. (2015) · International Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1155/2015/949620 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Ambrogio, A. G., Martin, M. D., Ascoli, P., Cavagnini, F., & Giraldi, F. P. (2013) · European Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1530/eje-13-0824 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Hypercoagulability in Cushing’s syndrome: From arterial to venous disease
St‐Jean, M., Lim, D. S. T., & Langlois, F. (2021) · Best Practice & Research Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.beem.2021.101496 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Gender differences in human adrenal cortex and its disorders
Gao, X., Yamazaki, Y., Tezuka, Y., Omata, K., Ono, Y., Morimoto, R., Nakamura, Y., Satoh, F., & Sasano, H. (2021) · Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.mce.2021.111177 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
USP8 Mutations and Cell Cycle Regulation in Corticotroph Adenomas
Martins, C. S., Camargo, R. C., Coeli‐Lacchini, F. B., Saggioro, F. P., Moreira, A. C., & de Castro, M. (2020) · Hormone and Metabolic Research · doi:10.1055/a-1089-7806 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Machado, M. C., Fragoso, M. C. B. V., Moreira, A. C., Boguszewski, C. L., Vieira Neto, L., Naves, L. A., Vilar, L., Araújo, L. A. D., Czepielewski, M. A., Gadelha, M. R., et al. (2016) · Archives of Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1590/2359-3997000000174 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Sexual Dimorphism in Cellular and Molecular Features in Human ACTH-Secreting Pituitary Adenomas
Giraldi, F. P., Cassarino, M. F., Sesta, A., Terreni, M., Lasio, G. B., & Losa, M. (2020) · Cancers · doi:10.3390/cancers12030669 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Impact of Cushing’s syndrome on the gonadotrope axis and testicular functions in men
Papadakis, G. E., de Kalbermatten, B., Dormoy, A., Salenave, S., Trabado, S., Vieira-Pinto, O., Richa, C., Kamenický, P., Chanson, P., Maione, L., et al. (2023) · Human Reproduction · doi:10.1093/humrep/dead187 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Detomas, M., Deutschbein, T., Tamburello, M., Chifu, I. O., Kimpel, O., Sbiera, S., Kroiß, M., Faßnacht, M., & Altieri, B. (2023) · Journal of Endocrinological Investigation · doi:10.1007/s40618-023-02128-x · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Outcome and prognostic factors for pituitary carcinomas: lessons from a systematic review
Raymond, P., Raverot, G., & Ilie, M. D. (2023) · Endocrine Related Cancer · doi:10.1530/erc-22-0338 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Adrenal Tumors: Are Gender Aspects Relevant?
Alesina, P. F., & Walz, M. K. (2020) · Visceral Medicine · doi:10.1159/000505788 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Sex differences in the pituitary TGFβ1 system: The role of TGFβ1 in prolactinoma development
Recouvreux, M. V., Faraoni, E. Y., Camilletti, M. A., Ratner, L. D., Abeledo-Machado, A., Rulli, S. B., & Dı́az-Torga, G. (2017) · Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.yfrne.2017.10.003 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Cardiometabolic complications after Cushing’s disease remission
Tizianel, I., Lizzul, L., Mondin, A., Voltan, G., Mazzeo, P., Scaroni, C. M., Barbot, M., & Ceccato, F. (2025) · Journal of Endocrinological Investigation · doi:10.1007/s40618-025-02572-x · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Persistent improvement of bone mineral density up to 20 years after treatment of Cushing’s syndrome
van Houten, P., Netea-Maier, R. T., Wagenmakers, M. A. E. M., Roerink, S. H. P. P., Hermus, A. R., & van de Ven, A. C. (2021) · European Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1530/eje-21-0226 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Hypertension and Cushing’s syndrome: hunt for the red flag
Martino, D., Canu, L., Bonaventura, I., Vitiello, C., Sparano, C., & Cozzolino, A. (2025) · Journal of Endocrinological Investigation · doi:10.1007/s40618-024-02453-9 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Sex-related differences in Cushing's disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Alqeeq, B. F., Ayyad, M., Almadhoun, W. J., Aboabdo, M., Aldahdouh, M. S., Al‐Tawil, M., & Al-Ghazali, A. M. (2024) · Annals of Saudi Medicine · doi:10.5144/0256-4947.2024.55 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Guarnotta, V., Emanuele, F., Salzillo, R., Bonsangue, M., Amato, C., Mineo, M. I., & Giordano, C. S. D. S. (2023) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2023.1248985 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Roelfsema, F., Pereira, A. M., Biermasz, N. R., & Veldhuis, J. D. (2014) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2014-2363 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Therapeutic strategies for Cushing’s syndrome: an update
Ceccato, F., Barbot, M., Zilio, M., Albiger, N. M. E., Mantero, F., & Scaroni, C. M. (2014) · Expert Opinion on Orphan Drugs · doi:10.1517/21678707.2015.991714 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Pivonello, R., Scaroni, C. M., Polistena, B., Migliore, A., & Giustina, A. (2023) · Journal of Endocrinological Investigation · doi:10.1007/s40618-023-02058-8 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Ceccato, F., Boccato, M., Zilio, M., Barbot, M., Frigo, A. C., Luisetto, G., Boscaro, M., Scaroni, C. M., & Camozzi, V. (2017) · Hormone and Metabolic Research · doi:10.1055/s-0043-115008 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Are comorbidities of patients with adrenal incidentaloma tied to sex?
Puglisi, S., Nekić, A. B., Morelli, V., Alessi, Y., Fosci, M., Pani, A., Zibar, K., Palmieri, S., Ferraù, F., Pia, A. R., et al. (2024) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2024.1385808 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Salcedo-Sifuentes, J. E., Shih, R. M., Heaney, A. P., Bergsneider, M., Wang, M. B., Donangelo, I., Lee, J. T., Delery, W., Karsy, M. J., Kshettry, V. R., et al. (2025) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/clinem/dgae904 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Chen, Y., Mei, X., Jian, F., Ma, Q., Chen, X., Bian, L., & Sun, Q. (2014) · Chinese Medical Journal · doi:10.3760/cma.j.issn.0366-6999.20141982 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Hypertension in Cushing’s Syndrome
Ceccato, F., Barbot, M., Scaroni, C. M., & Boscaro, M. (2020) · Updates in hypertension and cardiovascular protection · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-45562-0_8 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Nowak, E., Vogel, F., Braun, L., Zopp, S., Rubinstein, G., Schilbach, K., Bidlingmaier, M., Zimmermann, P., Thorsteinsdottir, J., Schweizer, J. R. D. O. L., et al. (2024) · European Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1093/ejendo/lvae097 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Etiology-, Sex-, and Tumor Size-Based Differences in Adrenocorticotropin-Dependent Cushing Syndrome
Walia, R., Dutta, A., Gupta, N., Bhansali, A. K., Pivonello, R., Ahuja, C. K., Dhandapani, S., Dutta, P. R., Bhadada, S. K., Simeoli, C., et al. (2020) · Endocrine Practice · doi:10.1016/j.eprac.2020.11.014 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Voltan, G., Mazzeo, P., Cannito, M., Pinelli, S., Barbot, M., Scaroni, C. M., Ceccato, F., & Camozzi, V. (2025) · Journal of the Endocrine Society · doi:10.1210/jendso/bvaf008 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Ceccato, F., Terzolo, M., Gatto, F., Cannavò, S., Bianchi, A., Isidori, A. M., Colao, A. A. L., Ferone, D., Aimaretti, G., Giraldi, F. P., et al. (2025) · Journal of Endocrinological Investigation · doi:10.1007/s40618-025-02758-3 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Bray, D. P., Rindler, R. S., Dawoud, R. A., Boucher, A. B., & Oyesiku, N. M. (2022) · Otolaryngologic Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.otc.2021.12.006 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Sociodemographic Factors in Pituitary Adenomas
Ioachimescu, A. G. (2023) · Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.ecl.2023.05.008 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Szychlińska, M., Rzeczkowska, M., Gontarz-Nowak, K., Matuszewski, W., & Bandurska-Stankiewicz, E. M. (2023) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm12144612 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Stifel, U., Vogel, F., Caratti, G., Reincke, M., & Tuckermann, J. P. (2023) · Hypertension · doi:10.1161/hypertensionaha.123.21185 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Giordano, R., Parasiliti‐Caprino, M., Loli, P., & Giustina, A. (2024) · Journal of Endocrinological Investigation · doi:10.1007/s40618-024-02450-y · Cited by 6 · see citing works
The patient’s sex determines the hemodynamic profile in patients with Cushing disease
Jurek, A., Krzesiński, P., Uziębło‐Życzkowska, B., Witek, P., Zieliński, G., Kazimierczak, A., Wierzbowski, R., Banak, M., & Gielerak, G. G. (2023) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2023.1270455 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Quality of Life and Work Capacity Are Unrelated to Approach or Complications After Pituitary Surgery
Uvelius, E., Castelo, N., Kahlon, B., SVENSSON, C., Cervin, A., Höglund, P., Valdemarsson, S. V., & Siesjö, P. (2017) · World Neurosurgery · doi:10.1016/j.wneu.2017.08.087 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
di Filippo, L., Acanfora, M., Bolamperti, S., Terenzi, U., Bonomo, M., & Giustina, A. (2026) · Pituitary · doi:10.1007/s11102-026-01667-9 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Bryk, A. H., Minasyan, M., Świątkowska−Stodulska, R., Undas, A., Hubalewska–Dydejczyk, A., Webb, S. M., Valassi, E., & Gilis‐Januszewska, A. (2024) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2024.1350010 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Doğanşen, S. Ç., Yılmaz, N., Selçukbiricik, Ö. S., Hekimsoy, Z., Canpolat, A. G., Topsakal, Ş., Yaylalı, G. F., Misiroglu, F., Gül, N., Üzüm, A. K., et al. (2024) · Endocrine · doi:10.1007/s12020-024-04004-x · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Management of thyrotoxicosis occurring after surgery for Cushing's disease: a case series.
Jiang, S., Yang, C., Feng, M., Yao, Y., Deng, K., Xing, B., Lu, L., Zhu, H., Wang, R.-Z., & Bao, X. (2021) · Gland surgery · doi:10.21037/gs-21-49 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Association of IGF-1 Level with Low Bone Mass in Young Patients with Cushing’s Disease
Sun, W., Sun, Q., Cui, Q., He, M., Wu, W., Li, Y., Ye, H., & Zhang, S. (2023) · International Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1155/2023/3334982 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
di Filippo, L., Frara, S., Terenzi, U., Menotti, S., Mortini, P., & Giustina, A. (2026) · Pituitary · doi:10.1007/s11102-026-01674-w · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Wang, B., Yang, Y., Yuan, H., & Li, X. (2021) · International Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1155/2021/9536730 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Nedelman, J. R., Fisch, R. D., Hu, K., Paule, I., & Zhou, J. (2017) · Clinical Pharmacokinetics · doi:10.1007/s40262-017-0600-y · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Kim, Y., Jeong, S., Cho, K., Woo, S., Han, S.-H., & Ryu, K.-H. (2025) · Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine · doi:10.1007/s13770-024-00697-3 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Twist of endocrine scenario: Approach of ectopic Cushing syndrome (review)
Morar, A., Ghemigian, A. M., Ţupea, C., Petrova, E. N., Popescu, M. R., Carşote, M., Dumitru, N., & Valea, A. (2020) · Romanian Journal of Medical Practice · doi:10.37897/rjmp.2020.4.7 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Bone mineral density in patients with Cushing’s syndrome
Seker, A., & Yavuz, D. G. (2024) · Marmara medical journal · doi:10.5472/marumj.1485351 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Vogel, F., Braun, L., Vetrivel, S., Zhang, R., Zopp, S., Oßwald, A., Nowak, E., Schilbach, K., Bidlingmaier, M., Zimmermann, P., et al. (2024) · Experimental and Clinical Endocrinology & Diabetes · doi:10.1055/a-2408-0718 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Serum Cortisol and Cardiovascular Disease Risk - A Potential Biomarker
Oo, W. J., Lim, C. L., Goh, M. H., & Koh, R. Y. (2025) · Current Cardiology Reviews · doi:10.2174/011573403x328499241106064553 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Impact of sex on mortality in patients with pituitary adenomas
Varlamov, E., Akirov, A., Gheorghiu, M., & Fleseriu, M. (2026) · Pituitary · doi:10.1007/s11102-026-01637-1 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Elias, B. Y., Elias, P. C. L., de Paula, F. J. A., Moreira, A. C., Feitosa, M. R., & Castro, M. (2026) · JCEM Case Reports · doi:10.1210/jcemcr/luag133 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Gendermedizin: endokrine und neuroendokrine Erkrankungen
Butz, F., Müller-Debus, C. F., & Mogl, M. T. (2024) · Die Chirurgie · doi:10.1007/s00104-024-02140-8 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Saratziotis, A., Baldovin, M., Zanotti, C., Munari, S., Cazzador, D., Alexandre, E., Denaro, L., Hajiioannou, J. K., & Emanuelli, E. (2024) · Healthcare · doi:10.3390/healthcare12181900 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Surgical Management of Adrenocorticotropic Hormone-Secreting Pituitary Adenomas
Kulubya, E. S., Donoho, D. A., Carmichael, J. D., & Zada, G. (2016) · International Journal of Endocrine Oncology · doi:10.2217/ije.15.26
Fischer, A. S., Rizk, C. B., & Hsu, S. (2015) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9781139649520.014
Maladie de Cushing chez un patient de sexe masculin : quelles particularités cliniques ?
Dendana, E., Graja, S., Sayadi, H., Marmouch, H., Jmal, M., & Khochtali, I. (2016) · Annales d Endocrinologie · doi:10.1016/j.ando.2016.07.310
Zilio, M., Scaroni, C. M., & Boscaro, M. (2017) · L Endocrinologo · doi:10.1007/s40619-017-0360-9
Cushing Syndrome; Screening and Differential Diagnosis
Lacroix, A., & Nieman, L. K. (2018) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-801238-3.65857-9
ACTH Producing Adenomas: Cushing’s Disease
McGlotten, R., Adelman, D. T., & Keil, M. F. (2019) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-99817-6_21
Pituitary Surgery for Cushing Disease
Jones, P. S., & Swearingen, B. (2018) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-801238-3.64312-x
Stifel, U., Vogel, F., Caratti, G., Reincke, M., & Tuckermann, J. P. (2023) · medRxiv · doi:10.1101/2023.02.28.23286599
Cushing's syndrome screening and differential diagnosis
Lacroix, A., & Nieman, L. K. (2025) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-13825-6.00233-8
Pituitary surgery for Cushing's Disease
Jones, P. M., & Swearingen, B. (2025) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-13825-6.00353-8
Surgical management of CD: Techniques, complications, and recovery
Laws, M. T., Rampalli, I., & Chittiboina, P. (2026) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-96100-4.00003-x
Differential Metabolic Signatures of Cushing’s Disease Patients Dependent on their Obesity StatusPreprint
Carr, T., Hochberg, I., & Bridges, D. (2026) · medRxiv · doi:10.64898/2026.02.25.26346994
Maiter, D. M., & Constantinescu, S. M. (2026) · Pituitary · doi:10.1007/s11102-026-01655-z
Aggressive and malignant pituitary tumours: does the sex matter?
Carretti, A., Kaparounaki, C. K., & Raverot, G. (2026) · Pituitary · doi:10.1007/s11102-026-01656-y · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Metabolic syndrome in cushing’s syndrome patients: Does gender matter?
Ferraù, F., Acanfora, M., Pirchio, R., Ricci, F., Verrienti, M., Blanca, E. S., Frara, S., Gatto, F., Auriemma, R. S., & Colao, A. (2026) · Pituitary · doi:10.1007/s11102-026-01644-2
Üçgül, E., Menekşe, B., Boz, O., Demirci, H., Uçan, B., Çakal, E., Araki, T., & Kızılgül, M. (2026) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm15062442
The complexity of skeletal fragility in overt endogenous Cushing’s syndrome: how much do we know?
Voltan, G., Mogno, C., Contini, G., Tizianel, I., Ferrarese, M., & Camozzi, V. (2026) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2026.1918392
Zohney, M., Izz-alarab, S., Abdelwahab, A., & Aziz, M. M. (2026) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-11381406/v1
- Authors
- Zilio, M., Barbot, M., Ceccato, F., Camozzi, V., Bilora, F., Casonato, A., Frigo, A. C., Albiger, N., Daidone, V., Mazzai, L., Mantero, F., & Scaroni, C.
- Affiliations
- University of Padua (IT)
- Corresponding author
- Scaroni, Carla
- ORCID
- Venue
- Clinical Endocrinology
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2013-09-04
- Volume
- 80
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 403-410
- ISSN
- 0300-0664 (ISSN-L)
- 1365-2265
- OpenAlex
- W2018412940
- Cited by
- 93
- References
- 26
- Citations by year
- 2026: 12 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 1
- FWCI
- 3.93
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Clinical Endocrinology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Padua Research Archive (University of Padova) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Pituitary Gland Disorders and Treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Adrenal and Paraganglionic Tumors
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Neuroendocrine Tumor Research Advances
- Keywords
- Cushing's disease, sex differences, hypercortisolism, urinary free cortisol, ACTH, pituitary MRI, hypokalemia, hypercoagulability, vertebral fractures, dyslipidemia, hypertension, pituitary adenoma
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Blood Coagulation Disorders, Cardiovascular Diseases, Female, Humans, Hydrocortisone, Hypokalemia, Male, Middle Aged, Retrospective Studies, Sex Factors, Pituitary ACTH Hypersecretion, Young Adult
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review