Exploring gaps, biases, and research priorities in the evidence for reptile conservation actions
Open accessAbstract
With over 21% of reptile species threatened with extinction, there is an urgent need to ensure conservation actions to protect and restore populations are informed by relevant, reliable evidence. We examined the geographic and taxonomic distribution of 707 studies that tested the effects of actions to conserve reptiles synthesized in Conservation Evidence's Reptile Conservation synopsis. More studies were conducted in countries with higher gross domestic product per capita, more reptile species, and higher proportions of threatened reptile species. Studies were clustered in the United States (43%) and Australia (15%), and no studies were conducted in large parts of Southeast Asia, South America, and sub‐Saharan Africa. Taxonomically, 47% of 90 reptile families (mostly Squamata) were not studied at all. Although Squamata and Testudines species featured in approximately 50% of studies, 7 of the 10 most‐studied reptiles (constituting 36% of studies) were turtles or tortoises, and there were significantly more studies per species on Testudines than Squamata. There were also significantly more studies on species: classified as least concern (as opposed to all other International Union for Conservation of Nature categories apart from near threatened); not categorized as endemic or insular; with more Wikipedia page views; and lacking data on venomousness. There was no significant relationship between the number of studies and the evolutionary distinctiveness or body mass of species. Our results highlight pressing evidence needs, particularly for underrepresented regions and threatened and data‐deficient species (e.g., evolutionarily distinct and globally endangered reptiles in South America, sub‐Saharan Africa, and Southeast Asia). To overcome evidence gaps and a lack of basic ecological data, future work should explore how the effects of actions transfer across taxa and regions. We call for greater efforts to coordinate and increase testing and reporting in a strategic manner to inform more effective and efficient conservation actions globally.
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Speight et al. (2025) demonstrate an uneven distribution of studies based on IUCN threat status, gross domestic product per capita, and taxonomic group, with notable biases toward 'Least Concern' species, studies conducted in the United States and a general neglect of reptile groups.
“For example, Speight et al. (2025) demonstrate an uneven distribution of studies based on IUCN threat status, gross domestic product per capita, and taxonomic group, with notable biases toward ‘Least Concern’ species, studies conducted in the United States and a general neglect of reptile groups.”
From Roars, Rumbles, and Resonance: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis of Crocodylian Acoustic Signals (2026) · cites this paper as Speight et al. (2025)
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- Authors
- Speight, O., Morgan, W. H., White, T. B., Sainsbury, K. A., Bouskila, A., Rotem, G., Smith, R. K., Sutherland, W. J., Watson, M. J., & Christie, A. P.
- Affiliations
- University of Cambridge (GB)
- University of Oxford (GB)
- Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport, and Recreation University of Alberta Edmonton Alberta Canada
- Ben-Gurion University of the Negev (IL)
- Corresponding author
- Christie, Alec P.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Conservation Biology
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2025-05-31
- Volume
- 39
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- e70073-e70073
- ISSN
- 0888-8892 (ISSN-L)
- 1523-1739
- PMC
- PMC12451487
- OpenAlex
- W4410929767
- Cited by
- 11
- References
- 59
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 2
- FWCI
- 4.52
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Conservation Biology (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Apollo (University of Cambridge) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Apollo (cc-by)
- Funders
- Arcadia Fund
- MAVA Foundation
- Imperial College London
- Cambridge Philosophical Society
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Global and Planetary Change › Amphibian and Reptile Biology
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law › Conservation, Ecology, Wildlife Education
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Nature and Landscape Conservation › Turtle Biology and Conservation
- Keywords
- reptile conservation, conservation evidence, evidence gaps, research priorities, endangered reptiles, Squamata, turtles, geographic bias in research, taxonomic bias, data deficient species, evolutionary distinctiveness, conservation effectiveness
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Conservation of Natural Resources, Reptiles, Endangered Species
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