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Relation between muscle mass, motor units and type of training in master athletes
Abstract
Summary: Objective: The aim of this study was to measure the number of motor units and muscle mass in power‐trained and endurance‐trained master athletes compared with community‐dwelling older adults. Methods: Seventy‐five master athletes (52 power‐ and 23 endurance‐trained athletes) were recruited at the 2012 European Veteran Athletics Championships in Zittau (Germany). One hundred and forty‐nine community‐dwelling older adults served as controls. In all participants, the motor unit number index (MUNIX) in the hypothenar muscle and whole body muscle mass was determined by bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA). Results: In both male and female master athletes, there were significant negative correlations between age and muscle mass (female: r = −0·510, P = 0·002; male: r = −0·714, P<0·001). Master athletes showed a weak correlation (r = −0·295, P = 0·010) between MUNIX and age. Master athletes exhibited significantly higher values than the control group with regard to both muscle mass (P = 0·002) and motor units (P = 0·004). Subanalysis showed that only power trained master athletes had both a larger muscle mass (P<0·001) and a higher MUNIX (P = 0·014) than the control group. Among the master athletes, power‐trained athletes had a larger (P<0·001) muscle mass than endurance‐trained athletes. Conclusions: The present data of master athletes are compatible with the hypothesis of an age‐related decline in whole body muscle mass and motor units. Nevertheless, the data suggest that the master athletes’ high level of physical activity may protect motoneurons. In addition, power training seems to have a positive effect on muscle mass and could therefore be an effective method of training to prevent sarcopenia.
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“There is also some evidence from middle-aged and older athletes that athletic disciplines containing heavy resistance training regimes, which are typically employed by weightlifters and throwers, have greater muscle mass than endurance-trained and non-athletic individuals (7–10, 21).”
From Body composition in male lifelong trained strength, sprint and endurance athletes and healthy age-matched controls (2023) · cites this paper as [7]
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“Cross-sectional examination of muscle mass in masters athletes observed greater levels in athletes engaged in strength-/power-oriented sports compared with endurance athletes and controls (7–9).”
From Body composition in male lifelong trained strength, sprint and endurance athletes and healthy age-matched controls (2023) · cites this paper as [7]
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“However, endurance-trained masters athletes and non-trained counterparts tend to have comparable muscle mass (7, 10).”
From Body composition in male lifelong trained strength, sprint and endurance athletes and healthy age-matched controls (2023) · cites this paper as [7]
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Estimation of skeletal muscle mass by bioelectrical impedance analysis
Janssen, I., Heymsfield, S. B., Baumgartner, R. N., & Ross, R. (2000) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/jappl.2000.89.2.465 · Cited by 1,482 · cited 5×
“Muscle mass was calculated using Janssen’s regression formula by applying bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) (Janssen et al., 2000).”
InfluentialSkeletal Muscle Power: A Critical Determinant of Physical Functioning in Older Adults
Reid, K. F., & Fielding, R. A. (2012) · Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews · doi:10.1097/jes.0b013e31823b5f13 · Cited by 913
Resistance exercise for muscular strength in older adults: a meta-analysis
Peterson, M. D., Rhea, M. R., Sen, A., & Gordon, P. M. (2010) · Ageing Research Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.arr.2010.03.004 · Cited by 808
Influence of Resistance Exercise on Lean Body Mass in Aging Adults: A Meta-Analysis
PETERSON, M. D., SEN, A., & GORDON, P. M. (2011) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/mss.0b013e3181eb6265 · Cited by 558 · cited 1×
“In this connection, not only an increase in muscle mass has been demonstrated, but also improvements in muscle strength and muscle power (Peterson et al., 2010, 2011; Steib et al., 2010).”
Dose-Response Relationship of Resistance Training in Older Adults: A Meta-Analysis
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Cited by
Sarcopenia: Aging-Related Loss of Muscle Mass and Function
Larsson, L., Degens, H., Li, M., Salviati, L., Lee, Y. I., Thompson, W., Kirkland, J. L., & Sandri, M. (2019) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.00061.2017 · Cited by 1,797
Self-citationRole of Inactivity in Chronic Diseases: Evolutionary Insight and Pathophysiological Mechanisms
Booth, F. W., Roberts, C. K., Thyfault, J. P., Ruegsegger, G. N., & Toedebusch, R. G. (2017) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.00019.2016 · Cited by 696
Physical activity, aging, and physiological function
Harridge, S. D. R., & Lazarus, N. R. (2017) · Physiology · doi:10.1152/physiol.00029.2016 · Cited by 214
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Metadata
- Authors
- Drey, M., Sieber, C. C., Degens, H., McPhee, J., Korhonen, M. T., Müller, K., Ganse, B., & Rittweger, J.
- Affiliations
- Institute for Biomedicine of Ageing University of Erlangen‐Nürnberg Nürnberg Germany
- School of Healthcare Science Manchester Metropolitan University Manchester UK
- Gerontology Research Center Department of Health Sciences University of Jyväskylä Jyväskylä Finland
- German Aerospace Center Institute of Aerospace Medicine Cologne Germany
- Venue
- Clinical Physiology and Functional Imaging
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2014-10-24
- Volume
- 36
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 70-76
- ISSN
- 1475-0961
- 1475-097X
- Cited by
- 37
- References
- 6
- Language
- en
- Funders
- University of Erlangen-Nürnberg
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