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Cited by 650Mesenchymal stem cell researchHematopoietic Stem Cell TransplantationPluripotent Stem Cells Research

Immune modulation by mesenchymal stem cells

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Jiang, Wei, Xu, Jianyong·2020·Cell Proliferation
DOI 10.1111/cpr.12712PMC PMC6985662
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Abstract

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can be derived from various adult tissues with multipotent and self‐renewal abilities. The characteristics of presenting no major ethical concerns, having low immunogenicity and possessing immune modulation functions make MSCs promising candidates for stem cell therapies. MSCs could promote inflammation when the immune system is underactivated and restrain inflammation when the immune system is overactivated to avoid self‐overattack. These cells express many immune suppressors to switch them from a pro‐inflammatory phenotype to an anti‐inflammatory phenotype, resulting in immune effector cell suppression and immune suppressor cell activation. We would discuss the mechanisms governing the immune modulation function of these cells in this review, especially the immune‐suppressive effects of MSCs.

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  • In innate immunity, bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells express C3aR and C5aR (complement system receptors), as anaphylatoxin receptors, for recruitment of mesenchymal stem cells to the sites of damage or lesions.

    “In innate immunity, BM-MSCs express C3aR and C5aR (Complement system receptors), as anaphylatoxin receptors, for recruitment of MSCs to the sites of damage or lesions [72, 78, 79].”

    From Mesenchymal stromal cells in bone marrow niche of patients with multiple myeloma: a double-edged sword (2025) · cites this paper as [78]

    The ‘Complement system–related proteins’ subsection says MSCs express C3aR and C5aR and that C3a and C5a at inflammation sites can activate them. It does not specify bone marrow-derived MSCs or say these receptors recruit MSCs to sites of damage; it describes enhanced resistance to oxidative stress and apoptosis instead. No page number is available in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.86)

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  • When exposed to an inflammatory milieu, MSCs can orchestrate local and systemic innate and adaptive immune responses through direct cell contact or remotely secreting immune modulators including TGF-β1, HGF, PGE2, IDO, NO, HO-1, IL-6, IL-10, IL-11, IL-25, IL-1Rα, PD-L1, PD-L2, TSG6, HNF4α, HLA-G5, and galectin.

    “When exposed to an inflammatory milieu, MSCs can orchestrate local and systemic innate and adaptive immune responses through direct cell contact or remotely secreting immune modulators, including but not limited to TGF-β1, HGF, PGE2, indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), NO, HO-1, IL-6, IL-10, IL-11, IL-25, interleukin 1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Rα), programmed death-ligand (PD-L) 1 (B7-H1), PD-L2 (B”

    From Mechanisms, efficacy, and future perspectives of cellular-based therapies for liver fibrosis/cirrhosis: focusing on mesenchymal stromal cells (2025) · cites this paper as [133]

    The ‘Immune modulators expressed by MSCs’ section (page unavailable) supports immune modulation through cell contact and many of the listed factors; it also states that MSCs generate NO. However, the passages found do not identify IL-6, IL-11, IL-25, or HNF4α as MSC-secreted immune modulators. The section further says HO-1 expression decreases rapidly when MSCs are activated by pro-inflammatory factors, so the list overgeneralizes what MSCs secrete in an inflammatory milieu. (LLM, conf=0.88)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

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Cited by

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Authors
Jiang, W., & Xu, J.
Affiliations
Shenzhen University (CN)
Corresponding author
Xu, Jianyong
ORCID
Venue
Cell Proliferation
Publisher
Wiley
Published
2019-11-15
Volume
53
Issue
1
Pages
e12712-e12712
ISSN
  • 0960-7722 (ISSN-L)
  • 1365-2184
DOI
10.1111/cpr.12712
PMC
PMC6985662
OpenAlex
W2988687407
Cited by
650
References
11
Citations by year
2026: 67 · 2025: 100 · 2024: 139 · 2023: 117 · 2022: 108 · 2021: 84 · 2020: 35
FWCI
6.96
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Cell Proliferation (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province (2017A030313904，2018A030310643)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Genetics › Mesenchymal stem cell research
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Hematology › Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Pluripotent Stem Cells Research
Keywords
mesenchymal stem cells, immunomodulation, immunosuppression, inflammation, anti-inflammatory phenotype, pro-inflammatory phenotype, immune effector cells, stem cell therapy, immunogenicity
MeSH terms
Animals, Humans, Immune Tolerance, Immunotherapy, Inflammation, Mesenchymal Stem Cells

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