The role of mesenchymal stem cells in cancer and prospects for their use in cancer therapeutics
Open accessAbstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are recruited by malignant tumor cells to the tumor microenvironment (TME) and play a crucial role in the initiation and progression of malignant tumors. This role encompasses immune evasion, promotion of angiogenesis, stimulation of cancer cell proliferation, correlation with cancer stem cells, multilineage differentiation within the TME, and development of treatment resistance. Simultaneously, extensive research is exploring the homing effect of MSCs and MSC‐derived extracellular vesicles (MSCs‐EVs) in tumors, aiming to design them as carriers for antitumor substances. These substances are targeted to deliver antitumor drugs to enhance drug efficacy while reducing drug toxicity. This paper provides a review of the supportive role of MSCs in tumor progression and the associated molecular mechanisms. Additionally, we summarize the latest therapeutic strategies involving engineered MSCs and MSCs‐EVs in cancer treatment, including their utilization as carriers for gene therapeutic agents, chemotherapeutics, and oncolytic viruses. We also discuss the distribution and clearance of MSCs and MSCs‐EVs upon entry into the body to elucidate the potential of targeted therapies based on MSCs and MSCs‐EVs in cancer treatment, along with the challenges they face.
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These pathways enhance tumor cell proliferation and contribute to the immune-privileged environment of the bone marrow, enabling malignant plasma cells to evade immune surveillance.
“The pathways enhance tumor cell proliferation and contribute to the immune-privileged environment of the bone marrow, enabling malignant plasma cells to evade immune surveillance.”
From Mesenchymal stromal cells in bone marrow niche of patients with multiple myeloma: a double-edged sword (2025) · cites this paper as [298]
The sections “Promote cancer cell proliferation” and “Suppression of the immune response” (page unavailable) describe MSC-related signaling that promotes malignant tumor proliferation and helps tumor cells evade immune surveillance. They do not establish that these effects create an immune-privileged bone marrow environment or enable malignant plasma cells specifically to evade surveillance. (LLM, conf=0.85)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredMesenchymal stromal cells have demonstrated the ability to augment the stem-like characteristics of multiple myeloma cells, thereby promoting their dormancy and potential for relapse following treatment.
“Moreover, MSCs have demonstrated the ability to augment the stem-like characteristics of MM cells, thereby promoting their dormancy and potential for relapse following treatment.”
From Mesenchymal stromal cells in bone marrow niche of patients with multiple myeloma: a double-edged sword (2025) · cites this paper as [298]
The section “Correlating MSCs with CSCs” links MSC-derived vesicles to stem-like characteristics and dormancy in breast cancer cells, and says cancer stem cells may contribute to relapse after treatment. It does not establish that this sequence occurs in multiple myeloma cells; the claim extends the finding to a different cancer. (LLM, conf=0.84)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIL-6 secreted by mesenchymal stromal cells functions as a growth factor for multiple myeloma cells, enhancing their survival and augmenting resistance to apoptosis.
“IL-6 secreted by MSCs functions as a growth factor for MM cells, enhancing their survival and augmenting resistance to apoptosis.”
From Mesenchymal stromal cells in bone marrow niche of patients with multiple myeloma: a double-edged sword (2025) · cites this paper as [298]
In “Promote cancer cell proliferation” (page unavailable), the review says MSC-derived IL-6 enhances ER-positive breast cancer cell proliferation. It does not establish the claimed effect in multiple myeloma cells or say that IL-6 increases their survival or resistance to apoptosis; searches for “myeloma” and “apoptosis” did not locate that finding. (LLM, conf=0.84)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredMesenchymal stromal cells in the multiple myeloma microenvironment may undergo epigenetic modifications that promote tumor growth and contribute to drug resistance.
“Moreover, mesenchymal stem cells in the multiple myeloma microenvironment may undergo epigenetic modifications that promote tumor growth and contribute to drug resistance.”
From Mesenchymal stromal cells in bone marrow niche of patients with multiple myeloma: a double-edged sword (2025) · cites this paper as [298]
The Introduction (page unavailable) says MSCs can support tumor growth and induce drug resistance in cancer. The section on treatment resistance (page unavailable) mentions epigenetic changes as a general cause of drug resistance, but does not say that MSCs in the multiple myeloma microenvironment undergo such changes or that those changes promote growth and resistance. (LLM, conf=0.85)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredMesenchymal stromal cells can promote tumor growth through mechanisms including angiogenesis, immune evasion, and cellular differentiation, thereby enhancing the survival and proliferation of malignant cells in the bone marrow niche.
“Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can promote tumor growth through mechanisms including angiogenesis, immune evasion, and cellular differentiation, thereby enhancing the survival and proliferation of malignant cells in the bone marrow niche.”
From Mesenchymal stromal cells in bone marrow niche of patients with multiple myeloma: a double-edged sword (2025) · cites this paper as [298]
The Conclusions and Perspectives section says MSCs can promote tumor-cell survival and proliferation through immunosuppression, angiogenesis, and multilineage differentiation. The paper discusses these effects in the tumor microenvironment generally; the cited passages do not establish the claimed effects specifically in the bone marrow niche. Page numbers were not provided in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.86)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Exosomes derived from mesenchymal stromal cells and cytokines including IL-6, VEGF, and TGF-β are critical in tumor proliferation, immune suppression, and resistance to chemotherapy.
“Research indicates that exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and cytokines including IL-6, VEGF, and TGF-β are critical in tumor proliferation, immune suppression, and resistance to chemotherapy.”
From Mesenchymal stromal cells in bone marrow niche of patients with multiple myeloma: a double-edged sword (2025) · cites this paper as [298]
In multiple myeloma, mesenchymal stromal cells demonstrate a modified gene expression profile relative to healthy cells, characterized by notable upregulation of genes linked to tumor-supportive pathways, such as NF-kB, STAT3, and PI3K/AKT signaling.
“In multiple myeloma, mesenchymal stem cells demonstrate a modified gene expression profile relative to healthy cells, characterized by notable upregulation of genes linked to tumor-supportive pathways, such as NF-kB, STAT3, and PI3K/AKT signaling.”
From Mesenchymal stromal cells in bone marrow niche of patients with multiple myeloma: a double-edged sword (2025) · cites this paper as [298]
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Targeting Tumor Stroma: Current Challenges and Future Directions
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Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Reticulated Platelets: New Horizons in Multiple Myeloma
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- Authors
- Tang, J., Chen, Y., Wang, C., Xia, Y., Yu, T., Tang, M., Meng, K., Yin, L., Yang, Y., Shen, L., Xing, H., & Mao, X.
- Affiliations
- Hubei University of Arts and Science (CN)
- Hubei University of Medicine (CN)
- Tianjin University of Science and Technology (CN)
- Southern University of Science and Technology (CN)
- Corresponding author
- Shen, Liang
- Xing, Hui
- Mao, Xiaogang
- Venue
- MedComm
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2024-07-28
- Volume
- 5
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- e663-e663
- ISSN
- 2688-2663 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC11283587
- OpenAlex
- W4401063410
- Cited by
- 31
- References
- 298
- Citations by year
- 2026: 17 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 2
- FWCI
- 2.35
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- MedComm (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- National Natural Science Foundation of China (81972449)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Genetics › Mesenchymal stem cell research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cancer Cells and Metastasis
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Extracellular vesicles in disease
- Keywords
- mesenchymal stem cells, tumor microenvironment, tumor progression, immune evasion, tumor angiogenesis, cancer stem cells, treatment resistance, extracellular vesicles, drug carriers, gene therapy, chemotherapy, oncolytic viruses, stem cell homing, targeted cancer therapy
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