Andean hypersaline lakes in the Atacama Desert , northern Chile : Between lithium exploitation and unique biodiversity conservation
Open accessAbstract
Hypersaline lakes or brines are unique ecosystems with unique value and biodiversity that provide economic (mining) and noneconomic services (waterbird habitat). As they are shrinking around the world due to brine diversion and climatic oscillations, this article alerts on the fragility of Andean high‐altitude hypersaline lagoons in Salar de Atacama in the hyperarid Atacama Desert, northern Chile. As an integral part of the world's largest lithium exploitation from brine pumped from beneath the Salar, brine diversion and water shortage should compromise lagoons structure, functioning, and their high ecological value as habitat for endangered migratory birds like flamingos. Conserving the unique biodiversity and properties of these lagoons require long‐term monitoring, including keystone taxa like the brine shrimp Artemia . How Chile will combine biodiversity agreements, treaties on wetlands and endangered birds conservation under the soaring lithium demand to support electromobility? Chile's government has granted new lithium extraction quotas to mining companies until 2030, which raises a concern and shows the difficulty to reconcile profit‐driven economic development with nature conservation. As these lagoons may be shrinking and their food web altered, a problem only noticed so far by the declining flamingos, there is an urgent need to consider them in the environmental impact assessment legislation.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The combined effects of climate change and lithium mining have already directly reduced the local populations of two of the three flagship species of flamingos that depend on surface water and uniquely threatened cyanobacteria as a food source in Andean salt flats.
“The combined effects of climate change and lithium mining have already directly reduced the local populations of two of the three flagship species of flamingos that depend on surface water and uniquely threatened cyanobacteria as a food source in Andean salt flats”
From Lithium and water: Hydrosocial impacts across the life cycle of energy storage (2024) · cites this paper as Gajardo & Redón, 2019
Localized impacts on high Andean wetlands are likely exacerbated by global drivers like climate change and energy markets.
“Localized impacts on the high Andean wetlands are likely exacerbated by global drivers like climate change (Seth etal. 2010) and energy markets (Gajardo and Redón 2019; Alam and Sepúlveda2022).”
From The arid Andean plateau waterscapes and the lithium triangle: flamingos as flagships for conservation of high-altitude wetlands under pressure from mining development (2022) · cites this paper as Gajardo and Redón 2019
The opportunity cost of disruption of ecosystem services has been described and analyzed from a social and environmental perspective.
“The opportunity cost of this disruption has been described and analyzed from a social [21,103,106] and environmental perspective [65,107,108].”
From The water footprint of lithium extraction technologies: Insights from environmental impact reports in Argentina's salt flats (2025) · cites this paper as [107]
Increased lithium brine extraction has raised concerns about its potential impact on surrounding water bodies (e.g., local groundwater levels and lagoon surface areas).
“Increased lithium brine extraction has raised concerns about its potential impact on surrounding water bodies (e.g., on local groundwater levels and lagoon surface areas) [19-22].”
From Toward a Localized Water Footprint of Lithium Brine Extraction: A Case Study from the Salar de Atacama (2025) · cites this paper as [19]
Cites
Tarascon, J. (2010) · Nature Chemistry · doi:10.1038/nchem.680 · Cited by 1,155 · see citing works
Saline Lake Ecosystems of the World.
Brock, M. A., & Hammer, U. T. (1987) · Journal of Ecology · doi:10.2307/2260441 · Cited by 706 · see citing works
Decline of the world's saline lakes
Wurtsbaugh, W. A., Miller, C., Null, S. E., DeRose, R. J., Wilcock, P. R., Hahnenberger, M., Howe, F. A., & Moore, J. N. (2017) · Nature Geoscience · doi:10.1038/ngeo3052 · Cited by 649 · see citing works
Ecosystem services provided by waterbirds
Green, A. J., & Elmberg, J. (2013) · Biological reviews/Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society · doi:10.1111/brv.12045 · Cited by 488 · see citing works
Recent advances in the study of long‐distance dispersal of aquatic invertebrates via birds
Green, A. J., & Figuerola, J. (2005) · Diversity and Distributions · doi:10.1111/j.1366-9516.2005.00147.x · Cited by 364 · see citing works
Environmental threats to salt lakes and the likely status of inland saline ecosystems in 2025
Williams, W. D. (2002) · Environmental Conservation · doi:10.1017/s0376892902000103 · Cited by 317 · see citing works
The history, present status and prospects of the availability of Artemia cysts for aquaculture
Lavens, P., & Sorgeloos, P. (2000) · Aquaculture · doi:10.1016/s0044-8486(99)00233-1 · Cited by 244 · see citing works
Demergasso, C. S., Casamayor, E. O., Chong, G., Galleguillos, P. A., Escudero, L. V., & Pedrós‐Alió, C. (2004) · FEMS Microbiology Ecology · doi:10.1016/j.femsec.2003.12.013 · Cited by 187 · see citing works
The Brine Shrimp Artemia: Adapted to Critical Life Conditions
Gajardo, G., & BEARDMORE, J. A. (2012) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2012.00185 · Cited by 178 · see citing works
Self-citationGajardo, G., Abatzopoulos, T. J., Kappas, I., & Beardmore, J. A. (2002) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-94-017-0791-6_5 · Cited by 147 · see citing works
Self-citationDiversity of <i>Bacteroidetes</i> in high‐altitude saline evaporitic basins in northern Chile
Dorador, C., Meneses, D., Urtuvia, V., Demergasso, C., Vila, I., Witzel, K., & Imhoff, J. F. (2009) · Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences · doi:10.1029/2008jg000837 · Cited by 142 · see citing works
Demergasso, C. S., Escudero, L. V., Casamayor, E. O., Chong, G., Balagué, V., & Pedrós‐Alió, C. (2008) · Extremophiles · doi:10.1007/s00792-008-0153-y · Cited by 129 · see citing works
Biodiversity loss in the genus Artemia in the Western Mediterranean Region
Amat, F., Hontoria, F., Navarro, J. C., Vieira, N., & Mura, G. (2007) · Limnetica · doi:10.23818/limn.26.33 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Stappen, G. V. (2002) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-94-017-0791-6_4 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Azúa-Bustos, A., Fairén, A. G., González‐Silva, C., Ascaso, C., Carrizo, D., Fernández-Martínez, M. Á., Fernández-Sampedro, M., García-Descalzo, L., García‐Villadangos, M., Martín‐Redondo, M. P., et al. (2018) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-018-35051-w · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Food Chains and Their Dynamics in Ecosystems of Shallow Lakes with Different Water Salinities
Golubkov, S. M., Shadrin, N., Golubkov, M. S., Balushkina, E. V., & Litvinchuk, L. F. (2018) · Russian Journal of Ecology · doi:10.1134/s1067413618050053 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Muñoz, J., Amat, F., Green, A. J., Figuerola, J., & mez, A. G. (2013) · PeerJ · doi:10.7717/peerj.200 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Salt lakes: values, threats and future
Jellison, R. S., Williams, W. D., Timms, B. V., Alcocer, J., & Aladin, N. V. (2008) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511751790.010 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Cubillos, C. F., Aguilar, P., Grágeda, M., & Dorador, C. (2018) · Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences · doi:10.1029/2018jg004621 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Saline Lakes Around the World: Unique Systems with Unique Values
Uibel, C., Aladin, N. V., Plotnikov, I. S., Micklin, P., & Ballatore, T. J. (2010) · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Do copepods inhabit hypersaline waters worldwide? A short review and discussion
Anufriieva, E. (2015) · Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology · doi:10.1007/s00343-014-4385-7 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Fauna of hypersaline lakes of the Crimea (Ukraine)
Belmonte, G., Moscatello, S., Батогова, Е., Pavlovskaya, Т. V., Shadrin, N., & Litvinchuk, L. F. (2012) · Thalassia Salentina · doi:10.1285/i15910725v34p11 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Jia, Q., Anufriieva, E., Liu, X., Kong, F., & Shadrin, N. (2015) · Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology · doi:10.1007/s00343-015-4371-8 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Shadrin, N., Yakovenko, V., & Anufriieva, E. (2019) · International Review of Hydrobiology · doi:10.1002/iroh.201801966 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Niche Limits of Symbiotic Gut Microbiota Constrain the Salinity Tolerance of Brine Shrimp
Nougué, O., Gallet, R., Chevin, L., & Lenormand, T. (2015) · The American Naturalist · doi:10.1086/682370 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Energy Budgets for Eared Grebes on the Great Salt Lake and Implications for Harvest of Brine Shrimp
Conover, M. R., & Caudell, J. N. (2009) · Journal of Wildlife Management · doi:10.2193/2008-359 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Redón, S., Amat, F., Sánchez, M. I., & Green, A. J. (2015) · PeerJ · doi:10.7717/peerj.1073 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Self-citationQuiroz, M., Triadó–Margarit, X., Casamayor, E. O., & Gajardo, G. (2014) · Extremophiles · doi:10.1007/s00792-014-0694-1 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Self-citationGajardo, G., Sorgeloos, P., & Beardmore, J. A. (2006) · Saline Systems · doi:10.1186/1746-1448-2-14 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Self-citationTobar, C. N., Rau, J. R., Iriarte, A., Villalobos, R., Lagos, N., Cursach, J. A., Díaz, C., Fuentes, N., & Gantz, A. (2012) · Digital Commons - University of South Florida (University of South Florida) · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Phoenicoparrus andinus: BirdLife International
IUCN (2016) · IUCN Red List of Threatened Species · doi:10.2305/iucn.uk.2016-3.rlts.t22697387a93611749.en · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Interdependencies of lithium mining and communities sustainability in Salar de Atacama, Chile
Liu, W., & Agusdinata, D. B. (2020) · Journal of Cleaner Production · doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.120838 · Cited by 192 · see citing works
Salt to conserve: a review on the ecology and preservation of hypersaline ecosystems
Saccò, M., White, N. E., Harrod, C., Salazar, G., Aguilar, P., Cubillos, C. F., Meredith, K., Baxter, B. K., Oren, A., Anufriieva, E., et al. (2021) · Biological reviews/Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society · doi:10.1111/brv.12780 · Cited by 142 · see citing works
Michaels, H., Rinderle, M., Benesperi, I., Freitag, R., Gagliardi, A., & Freitag, M. (2023) · Chemical Science · doi:10.1039/d3sc00659j · Cited by 111 · see citing works
Solar-enhanced lithium extraction with self-sustaining water recycling from salt-lake brines
Xia, Q., Deng, Z., Sun, S., Zhao, W., Ding, J. F., Xi, B., Gao, G., & Wang, C. (2024) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.2400159121 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
Climate Change and Lithium Mining Influence Flamingo Abundance in the Lithium Triangle
Gutiérrez, J. S., Moore, J. N., Donnelly, J. P., Dorador, C., Navedo, J. G., & Senner, N. R. (2022) · Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rspb.2021.2388 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Automotive industry's circularity applications and industry 4.0
Montemayor, H. M. V., & Chanda, R. H. (2023) · Environmental Challenges · doi:10.1016/j.envc.2023.100725 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Marconi, P., Arengo, F., & Clark, A. (2022) · Wetlands Ecology and Management · doi:10.1007/s11273-022-09872-6 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
“…brines and surface waters over decades are likely to affect the hydrological balance, salinity, and unique biodiversity of these wetlands (Gajardo and Redón 2019) and a study in the Salar de Atacama, Chile, has found fast expansion of lithium mining operations to have a strong…”
BackgroundSocial-Environmental Conflicts in Chile: Is There Any Potential for an Ecological Constitution?
Berasaluce, M., Díaz‐Siefer, P., Rodríguez-Díaz, P., Mena‐Carrasco, M., Ibarra, J. T., Celis-Diez, J. L., & Mondaca, P. (2021) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su132212701 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Moran, B. J., Boutt, D. F., McKnight, S. V., Jenckes, J., Munk, L. A., Corkran, D., & Kirshen, A. (2022) · Earth's Future · doi:10.1029/2021ef002555 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
“…and associated freshwater use in arid regions have recently drawn the attention of many stakeholders seeking to understand the environmental impacts of the transition to green energy along the lithium-ion battery supply chain (Gajardo & Redón, 2019; Gutiérrez et al., 2018; Sonter et al., 2020).”
BackgroundValenzuela, F., Quintana, G., Briso, A., Ide, V., Basualto, C., Gaete, J., & Montes-Atenas, G. (2021) · Journal of Water Process Engineering · doi:10.1016/j.jwpe.2021.101951 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Lithium and water: Hydrosocial impacts across the life cycle of energy storage
Blair, J. J. A., Vineyard, N., Mulvaney, D., Cantor, A., Sharbat, A., Berry, K., Bartholomew, E., & Ornelas, A. F. (2024) · WIREs Water · doi:10.1002/wat2.1748 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
“…of the three flagship species of flamingos that depend on surface water and uniquely threatened cyanobacteria as a food source in Andean salt flats (Bonelli & Dorador, 2021; Cubillos et al., 2018; Gajardo & Red (cid:1) on, 2019; Gutiérrez et al., 2022; Marconi et al., 2022; Romero et al., 2012).”
Díaz Paz, W. F., Escosteguy, M., Seghezzo, L., Hufty, M., Kruse, E., & Iribarnegaray, M. A. (2023) · Resources Policy · doi:10.1016/j.resourpol.2022.103288 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Liu, W., & Agusdinata, D. B. (2021) · The Extractive Industries and Society · doi:10.1016/j.exis.2021.100927 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
2024 roadmap for sustainable batteries
Titirici, M., Johansson, P., Ribadeneyra, M. C., Au, H., Innocenti, A., Passerini, S., Petavratzi, E., Lusty, P. A. J., Tidblad, A. A., Naylor, A. J., et al. (2024) · Journal of Physics Energy · doi:10.1088/2515-7655/ad6bc0 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Alam, M. A., & Sepúlveda, R. (2022) · Energy Geoscience · doi:10.1016/j.engeos.2021.11.006 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Solar‐Driven Direct Lithium Extraction from Low‐Quality Brines
Zhang, L., Yan, J., Wang, Z., Zhang, T., Song, S., Quintana, M., & Zhao, Y. (2025) · Advanced Materials · doi:10.1002/adma.202512998 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Quality of Wastewater from Lithium-Brine Mining
Williams, G. D. Z., & Vengosh, A. (2025) · Environmental Science & Technology Letters · doi:10.1021/acs.estlett.4c01124 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Ruberti, M. (2024) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su17010160 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Flores Fernández, C., & Alba, R. (2023) · Frontiers in Water · doi:10.3389/frwa.2023.1075139 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
The ‘Alterlives’ of Green Extractivism: Lithium Mining and Exhausted Ecologies in the Atacama Desert
Blair, J. J. A., Balcazar, R., Barandiarán, J., & Maxwell, A. (2023) · International development policy/Revue internationale de politique de développement · doi:10.4000/poldev.5284 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Mining, biodiversity and social conflict in the renewable energy transition
Aska, B., Sonter, L. J., zu Ermgassen, S., Franks, D. M., Mingorría, S., Iniesta-Arandia, I., Lloyd, T. J., & Torres, A. (2025) · Nature Reviews Biodiversity · doi:10.1038/s44358-025-00076-3 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Water footprint of battery-grade lithium production in the Salar de Atacama, Chile
Marinova, S., Roche, L., Link, A., & Finkbeiner, M. (2025) · Journal of Cleaner Production · doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2024.144635 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Estimated public health benefits of a low-emission zone in Malmö, Sweden
Flanagan, E., Malmqvist, E., Gustafsson, S., & Oudin, A. (2022) · Environmental Research · doi:10.1016/j.envres.2022.114124 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
van Pampus, M., Hogenboom, B., Hoorn, C., & Seijmonsbergen, A. C. (2023) · Evolving Earth · doi:10.1016/j.eve.2023.100024 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Freshwater inflows to closed basins of the Andean plateau in Chile, Argentina, and Bolivia
Kirshen, A., Moran, B., Munk, L., Russo, A. A., McKnight, S., Jenckes, J., Corkran, D., Bresee, M., & Boutt, D. F. (2025) · Communications Earth & Environment · doi:10.1038/s43247-025-02130-6 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Lach, J., Jęcz, P., Strapagiel, D., Matera-Witkiewicz, A., & Stączek, P. (2021) · Genes · doi:10.3390/genes12111756 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Saharan lithium: Brine chemistry of chotts from eastern Algeria
Zatout, M., Steinmetz, R. L. L., Hacini, M., Fong, S. B., M’nif, A., Hamzaoui, A. H., & Steinmetz, L. C. L. (2020) · Applied Geochemistry · doi:10.1016/j.apgeochem.2020.104566 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
“Se instaló el diablo en el Salar”
Lorca, M., Andrade, M. O., & Garcés, I. (2023) · Estudios Atacameños Arqueología y antropología surandinas · doi:10.22199/issn.0718-1043-2023-0004 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Ramos-Tapia, I., Salazar, R. N., Salinas, C., Salinas, P., Soto, J., & Paneque, M. (2022) · Microbiology Spectrum · doi:10.1128/spectrum.00533-22 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Díaz Paz, W. F., Seghezzo, L., Salas Barboza, A. G., Escosteguy, M., Arias-Alvarado, P. V., Kruse, E., Hufty, M., & Iribarnegaray, M. A. (2025) · Heliyon · doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2025.e42523 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Cousins, J. J., Cantor, A., & Turley, B. (2024) · Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews Water · doi:10.1002/wat2.1751 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Tibetan Artemia (Crustacea: Anostraca) mitogenomic biodiversity and population demographics
Asem, A., Yang, C., Mahmoudi, F., Chen, S., Long, B.-C., Wang, B., Fu, C.-Z., Hontoria, F., Rogers, D. C., & Gajardo, G. (2023) · Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society · doi:10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad114 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Self-citationArenas-Collao, K., Valdés-González, H., Reyes-Bozo, L., & Salazar, J. L. (2024) · Water · doi:10.3390/w16121745 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Effects of trade and poaching pressure on extinction risk for cacti in the Atacama Desert
Villalobo‐Lopez, A., Peña, C. M., Varas‐Myrik, A., Pillet, M., Jahnsen, P., Pliscoff, P., Goettsch, B., & Guerrero, P. C. (2024) · Conservation Biology · doi:10.1111/cobi.14353 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Rethinking Sustainable Batteries
Au, H., Ribadeneyra, M. C., Edge, J. S., Lander, L., Kendrick, E., & Titirici, M. (2025) · Advanced Energy Materials · doi:10.1002/aenm.202502829 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Shadrin, N., Yakovenko, V., & Anufriieva, E. (2020) · Aquaculture Research · doi:10.1111/are.15024 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Sálica, M. J., Gastón, M. S., Akmentins, M. S., & Vaira, M. (2023) · Aquatic Conservation Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems · doi:10.1002/aqc.4044 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Redón, S., Vasileva, G. P., Georgiev, B. B., & Gajardo, G. (2020) · Parasitology Research · doi:10.1007/s00436-020-06768-3 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Self-citationPeltzer, P. M., Boccioni, A. P. C., Attademo, A. M., Simoniello, M. F., Lener, G., & Lajmanovích, R. C. (2024) · Toxics · doi:10.3390/toxics12030176 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Collado, G. A., Torres‐Díaz, C., Vidal, M. A., & Valladares, M. A. (2023) · Biology · doi:10.3390/biology12060791 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Evolution of the Surface Area of Critical Lagoon Systems in the Salar de Atacama
Ignacio Guzmán, J., Retamal, C., Faúndez, P., & Joaquín Jara, J. (2022) · Natural Resources Research · doi:10.1007/s11053-022-10070-7 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Metazoan diversity in Chilean hypersaline lakes unveiled by environmental DNA
Saccò, M., Campbell, M. A., Aguilar, P., Salazar, G., Berry, T. E., Heydenrych, M. J., Lawrie, A. D., White, N. E., Harrod, C., & Allentoft, M. E. (2025) · Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution · doi:10.3389/fevo.2025.1504666 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Density Constrains Environmental Impacts of Fluid Abstraction in Closed‐Basin Lithium Brines
Corkran, D., Boutt, D. F., Munk, L., Moran, B., McKnight, S., Jenckes, J., & Kirshen, A. (2025) · Water Resources Research · doi:10.1029/2024wr039511 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Redón, S., Gajardo, G., Vasileva, G. P., Sánchez, M. I., & Green, A. J. (2021) · Water · doi:10.3390/w13131742 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Self-citationAsem, A., Yang, C., Vos, S. D., Mahmoudi, F., Lidong, X., Shen, C.-Y., Hontoria, F., Rogers, D. C., & Gajardo, G. (2025) · BMC Genomics · doi:10.1186/s12864-025-11391-6 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Self-citationDerlindati, E. J., Arengo, F., Michelutti, M. P., Romano, M. C., Sosa, H., Ortiz, E. P., Rocha, O., Jahn, A. E., Chanampa, M. M., & Barberis, I. M. (2024) · Bird Conservation International · doi:10.1017/s0959270924000273 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Hypersaline Lagoons from Chile, the Southern Edge of the World
Gajardo, G., & Redón, S. (2019) · IntechOpen eBooks · doi:10.5772/intechopen.88438 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Self-citationCritical Minerals Mining: A Path Toward Sustainable Resource Extraction and Aquatic ConservationPreprint
Mohamed, A. O., Paleologos, E. K., Mohamed, D., Fayad, A., & Nahyan, M. T. A. (2025) · Preprints.org · doi:10.20944/preprints202501.2379.v1 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Link, A., Marinova, S., Roche, L., Coroamă, V., Hinkers, L., Borchardt, D., & Finkbeiner, M. (2025) · Water · doi:10.3390/w17223311 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Lithium Mining in the Salar de Atacama—Accounting Practices for Water Footprinting
Link, A., Marinova, S., Roche, L., Coroamă, V., Hinkers, L., Borchardt, D., & Finkbeiner, M. (2025) · Water · doi:10.3390/w17111670 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
A review on the socio-environmental impacts of lithium supply for electric aircraft
Chen-Glasser, M., & DeCaluwe, S. C. (2022) · Frontiers in Aerospace Engineering · doi:10.3389/fpace.2022.1058940 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Phylogenetic Relationships of Avian Cestodes from Brine Shrimp and Congruence with Larval Morphology
Redón, S., Quiroz, M., Lukić, D., Green, A. J., & Gajardo, G. (2024) · Animals · doi:10.3390/ani14030397 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Self-citationYe, Z., Li, H., & Fang, J. Y. (2025) · Journal of materials research/Pratt's guide to venture capital sources · doi:10.1557/s43578-025-01533-7 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Schagerl, M. (2021) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-819166-8.00077-3 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Salazar, G., Aguilar, P., & Harrod, C. (2025) · PeerJ · doi:10.7717/peerj.20042 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Jo, E., Cho, M., Choi, S., Lee, S. J., Choi, E., Kim, J., Kim, J. Y., Kwon, S., Lee, J. H., & Park, H. (2024) · Heliyon · doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e38687 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Zamora-Leiva, L., Soto, J., Román‐Figueroa, C., Peña, F., Univaso, L., & Paneque, M. (2025) · Environmental Microbiome · doi:10.1186/s40793-025-00766-7 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
ROLE OF LITHIUM MINING ON THE WATER STRESS OF THE SALAR DE ATACAMA BASINPreprint
Guzmán, J., Faúndez, P. I., Jara, J. J., & Retamal, C. (2021) · doi:10.31223/x54s5g · Cited by 4 · see citing works
The Biomes of the Coldest Corners of the World
Mucina, L. (2023) · Biome ecology · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-26739-0_7 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Echaniz, S. A., Vignatti, A. M., & Cabrera, G. C. (2024) · Limnological Review · doi:10.3390/limnolrev24030018 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Ordonez‐Ponce, E., & Lorca, M. (2025) · The Extractive Industries and Society · doi:10.1016/j.exis.2025.101820 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Li, Y., Hou, J. Y., Guo, J. M., Soodamani, P., Li, Y., Yang, Z., Zhu, Y., Zhu, C., & Zheng, Q. (2025) · Separation and Purification Technology · doi:10.1016/j.seppur.2025.136460 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Izquierdo, A. E., & Schlingmann, A. (2023) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781003356837-11 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Socio-environmental Harms in Chile Under the Restorative Justice Lens: The Role of the State
Bolívar, D., Guerra, L., & Martínez, F. (2022) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-04223-2_22 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
How to maximize the chilean government's revenue with the National Lithium Strategy?
Olivares, F., Lagos, G. E., & Singer, M. (2025) · Resources Policy · doi:10.1016/j.resourpol.2025.105600 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Modeling long-term dynamics of carbon dioxide and oxygen in high-altitude wetlands
Valenzuela, K., Prieto, A. L., Suárez, F., & de la Fuente, A. (2025) · Journal of Environmental Management · doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2025.126853 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Towards granularity in climate diplomacy research: hypothetical of U.S.-Bolivia lithium cooperation
Chhatiawala, N. (2024) · The Extractive Industries and Society · doi:10.1016/j.exis.2024.101589 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Urban biomining: lithium recovery from spent batteries through multi-step bioprocesses
Buonomo, A. B., Higa, R. E., Sánchez, L. M., & Gargarello, R. M. (2024) · Revista AIDIS de Ingeniería y Ciencias Ambientales Investigación desarrollo y práctica · doi:10.22201/iingen.0718378xe.2024.17.1.85388 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Environmental Enrichment Increases Foraging Duration in Chilean Flamingos Under Human Care
Contardo, J., Labra, A., & Cubillos, G. (2025) · Journal of Applied Animal Welfare Science · doi:10.1080/10888705.2025.2524415 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
From Stem to Steam: Enhancing the Engineering Education Experience
Collins, G. J. (2025) · International Convention on Information and Communication Technology, Electronics and Microelectronics · doi:10.1109/mipro65660.2025.11131958 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Sharma, S. S., Edge, J. S., & Mumford, J. D. (2025) · Sustainability Science and Technology · doi:10.1088/2977-3504/ae158a · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Ensuring Global Perspectives within Reading Lists to Increase Students’ Engagement
Collins, G. J. (2023) · International Convention on Information and Communication Technology, Electronics and Microelectronics · doi:10.23919/mipro57284.2023.10159772 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Carevic, F. S., & Contreras, R. (2023) · Boletín de la Sociedad Argentina de Botánica · doi:10.31055/1851.2372.v58.n2.38609
Membrane Percrystallisation for Lithium Salt RecoveryPreprint
Deng, Y., Vaughan, J., Motuzas, J., & Howes, T. (2024) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4763902
Financing Biodiversity Conservation in Namibian National Parks
Kandume, H. (2024) · Natural Resources · doi:10.4236/nr.2024.159015
González-Saldías, F., Rain‐Franco, A., Pernthaler, J., Gomà, J., Avila, J., Bravo, B., & Figueroa-Fábrega, L. (2025) · Limnetica · doi:10.23818/limn.45.09
Indigenous Treaty Law Innovations on Sustainable Development
Segger, M. C., & Garnons-Williams, W. (2026) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108553889.008
Extractive Industries, Sustainable Development, and Indigenous Treaty Law
Segger, M. C., & Garnons-Williams, W. (2026) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108553889.012
Wilson's Phalarope (Phalaropus tricolor)
Carle, R. D., Castellino, M., Tarr, K., McKellar, A. E., Miller, S. M., Larson, R. J., Gregoret, P. G., Schmidt, N. D. V., Lesterhuis, A. J., Clay, R. P., et al. (2026) · Cornell Lab of Ornithology eBooks · doi:10.2173/bow.wilpha.02
Lithium Boom and Local Inequalities
Song, Y. (2026) · The Journal of Development Studies · doi:10.1080/00220388.2026.2689334
Alcamán-Arias, M. E., Vergara-Barros, P., Fuentes, K., Morales, D., Vinet, L., Athayde, G. B., Aguilera, M., Bahniuk, A. M., & Calderón, M. (2026) · Frontiers in Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fmicb.2026.1867952
Lithium and Water: Why Hydrological Limits Will Define a Just Energy Transition
Barra, R. O., Alvarez-Amado, F., Parra, V., Salgado, M., Alvarez, S., Marín, A. Á., & Gutiérrez, L. (2026) · Global Challenges · doi:10.1002/gch2.70151
The overlooked conservation values of saline lakes
Burian, A., Wilson, R., Karimov, B., Timms, B., Kulshreshtha, S., Golovatuyk, L., Kalioujnaia, I., Zechmeister, T., Teubner, K., Krienitz, L., et al. (2026) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-026-76684-0
Romeo, G. D., & Argento, M. (2026) · Economía Sociedad y Territorio · doi:10.22136/est20262399
Holbach, R., Palacios, N. A., Flexer, V., & Laratte, B. (2026) · RSC Sustainability · doi:10.1039/d6su00137h
Soto-Monteverde, F., & Cornejo-Martínez, C. (2026) · Environmental Politics · doi:10.1080/09644016.2026.2746197
Salazar, G., Aguilar, P. S., Dorador, C., Saccò, M., Maya, G., Zadjelovic, V., & Harrod, C. (2026) · Aquatic Conservation Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems · doi:10.1002/aqc.70492
Toro, N., Madrid, F. M. G., Salazar, I., Leiva, W. H., Sepúlveda, R., Guzmán, A., MEZA, E., & Castillo, J. (2026) · Minerals · doi:10.3390/min16111118
Salazar, G., Aguilar, P. S., Saccò, M., & Harrod, C. (2026) · Isotopes in Environmental and Health Studies · doi:10.1080/10256016.2026.2742438
- Authors
- Gajardo, G., & Redón, S.
- Affiliations
- Universidad de Los Lagos (CL)
- Corresponding author
- Gajardo, Gonzalo
- Venue
- Conservation Science and Practice
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2019-08-02
- Volume
- 1
- Issue
- 9
- ISSN
- 2578-4854 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2966166819
- Cited by
- 86
- References
- 31
- Citations by year
- 2026: 11 · 2025: 23 · 2024: 16 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 1
- FWCI
- 3.65
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Conservation Science and Practice (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- Comisión Nacional de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica (FONDECYT 3170939)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Ecology › Aquatic Ecosystems and Biodiversity
- Social Sciences › Law › Geology and Environmental Impact Studies
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Ecology › Ecology and biodiversity studies
- Keywords
- hypersaline lakes, brine, Salar de Atacama, lithium recovery, waterbird habitat, flamingos, Artemia, biodiversity conservation, wetland conservation, environmental impact assessment, Atacama Desert
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
