Prevalence of cerebral palsy, co‐occurring autism spectrum disorders, and motor functioning – A utism and D evelopmental D isabilities M onitoring N etwork, USA , 2008
Open accessAbstract
Aim: The aim of this study was to report the prevalence and characteristics of children with cerebral palsy ( CP ). Method: Children with CP ( n =451) were ascertained by the Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring ( ADDM ) Network, a population‐based, record‐review surveillance system monitoring CP in four areas of the USA . Prevalence was calculated as the number of children with CP among all 8‐year‐old children residing in these areas in 2008. Motor function was categorized by G ross M otor F unction C lassification S ystem level and walking ability. Co‐occurring autism spectrum disorders ( ASD ) and epilepsy were ascertained using ADDM Network surveillance methodology. Results: The period prevalence of CP for 2008 was 3.1 per 1000 8‐year‐old children (95% confidence interval 2.8–3.4). Approximately 58% of children walked independently. Co‐occurring ASD frequency was 6.9% and was higher (18.4%) among children with non‐spastic CP , particularly hypotonic CP . Co‐occurring epilepsy frequency was 41% overall, did not differ by ASD status or CP subtype, and was highest (67%) among children with limited or no walking ability. Interpretation: The prevalence of CP in childhood from US surveillance data has remained relatively constant, in the range of 3.1 to 3.6 per 1000, since 1996. The higher frequency of ASD in non‐spastic than in spastic subtypes of CP calls for closer examination.
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Early detection of infant neuromotor pathologies is critical for timely therapeutic interventions that rely on early-life neuroplasticity.
“Early detection of infant neuromotor pathologies is critical for timely therapeutic interventions that rely on early-life neuroplasticity.”
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The Discussion (page unavailable in our copy) says children with multiple disabilities should be identified early so they can receive services and supports. That supports the general value of early identification, but the paper does not address detection of infant neuromotor pathologies, timely therapeutic intervention, or early-life neuroplasticity. (LLM, conf=0.84)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredPoor iron status is more prevalent in children with autism spectrum disorder.
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- Authors
- Christensen, D., Van Naarden Braun, K., Doernberg, N. S., Maenner, M. J., Arneson, C. L., Durkin, M. S., Benedict, R. E., Kirby, R. S., Wingate, M. S., Fitzgerald, R., & Yeargin‐Allsopp, M.
- Affiliations
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (US)
- Division of Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Atlanta GA USA
- University of Wisconsin–Madison (US)
- University of South Florida (US)
- University of Alabama at Birmingham (US)
- Washington University in St. Louis (US)
- Corresponding author
- Christensen, Deborah
- ORCID
- Venue
- Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2013-10
- Volume
- 56
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 59-65
- ISSN
- 0012-1622 (ISSN-L)
- 1469-8749
- PMC
- PMC4351771
- OpenAlex
- W2063563320
- Cited by
- 442
- References
- 24
- Citations by year
- 2026: 11 · 2025: 26 · 2024: 35 · 2023: 27 · 2022: 37 · 2021: 44 · 2020: 74 · 2019: 54 · 2018: 43 · 2017: 33 · 2016: 27 · 2015: 18 · 2014: 12 · 2013: 1
- FWCI
- 13.70
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Digital Commons - University of South Florida (University of South Florida) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Public Health Agency
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (P30HD003352)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Cerebral Palsy and Movement Disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Neurology › Botulinum Toxin and Related Neurological Disorders
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Family and Disability Support Research
- Keywords
- cerebral palsy, prevalence, autism spectrum disorder, co-occurring disorders, motor function, Gross Motor Function Classification System, walking ability, epilepsy, spastic cerebral palsy, hypotonic cerebral palsy, children
- MeSH terms
- Cerebral Palsy, Child, Child Development Disorders, Pervasive, Epilepsy, Female, Humans, Male, Muscle Spasticity, Population Surveillance, Registries, United States, Comorbidity, Prevalence, Walking
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