Performance of the MiniMed 780 G system on mitigating menstrual cycle‐dependent glycaemic variability
Open accessAbstract
Aim: To map the glycaemic variabilities and insulin requirements across different phases of the menstrual cycle and assess the efficacy and performance of the MiniMed 780G system on mitigating glycaemic variabilities during phases of the menstrual cycle. Materials and Methods: A pilot study recruiting 15 adolescent and young adult females with type 1 diabetes was conducted. Only females with regular spontaneous menstruation were enrolled in the current study. Phases of each menstrual cycle were determined as either follicular phase or luteal phase. The study analysed continuous glucose monitoring metrics during two study periods: the open loop period (OLP) and the advanced hybrid closed‐loop (AHCL) period; each period lasted 3 consecutive months. Results: During the OLP, the mean time in range (TIR) significantly decreased during the luteal phase compared with the follicular phase (65.13% ± 3.07% vs. 70.73% ± 2.05%) ( P < .01). The mean time above range significantly increased from 21.07% ± 2.58% during the follicular phase to 24.87% ± 2.97% during the luteal phase ( P < .01). After initiating the AHCL period, TIR was comparable during both phases of the menstrual cycle ( P = .72), without increasing the time spent below 70 mg/dL ( P > .05). Regarding insulin delivery during the AHCL period, the percentage of Auto basal and Auto correction delivered by the algorithm increased by 13.55% and 30.6%, respectively ( P < .01), during the luteal phase. Conclusions: The fully automated adaptive algorithm of the MiniMed 780G system mitigated menstrual cycle‐dependent glycaemic variability, successfully attaining the recommended glycaemic outcomes with a TIR greater than 70% throughout the entire menstrual cycle.
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Prior studies incorporating hormone-based phase determination may achieve greater precision than calendar-based definitions, which inherently allow some degree of phase misclassification.
“Prior studies incorporating hormone‐based phase determination 9 may achieve greater precision than calendar‐based definitions, which inherently allow some degree of phase misclassification.”
From A study of changes in insulin requirements related to the menstrual cycle in Japanese women with type 1 diabetes using the advanced hybrid closed‐loop system (2026) · cites this paper as [9]
Section 2.2 (page unavailable) confirms that the study determined menstrual-cycle phases using both menses dates and serum hormone assays. The paper does not compare the precision of this approach with calendar-only definitions or state that calendar-based definitions cause phase misclassification. (LLM, conf=0.84)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredStudies evaluating transitions from open-loop therapy to advanced hybrid closed-loop have demonstrated that luteal phase reductions in Time in Range observed under open-loop therapy disappeared after switching to advanced hybrid closed-loop, accompanied by algorithm-driven increases in basal and correction insulin delivery during the luteal phase.
“Indeed, studies evaluating transitions from open‐loop therapy (OLP) to AHCL have demonstrated that luteal phase reductions in Time in Range (TIR) observed under OLP disappeared after switching to AHCL, accompanied by algorithm‐driven increases in basal and correction insulin delivery during the luteal phase 9 .”
Our results are broadly aligned with prior investigations using the MiniMed 780G system.
“Furthermore, our results are broadly aligned with those of prior investigations using the MiniMed 780G system 9 , 10 .”
Elhenawy et al. investigated an adolescent and young adult cohort (14-21 years).
“Elhenawy et al. 9 investigated an adolescent and young adult cohort (14–21 years), whereas Monroy et al. 10 examined individuals with relatively high baseline glycemic control (TIR in the 80% range).”
The observed increase in insulin demand during the luteal phase corresponds to reports of algorithm-driven increases in insulin delivery during AHCL therapy and increased TDD during the luteal phase.
“The observed increase in insulin demand during the luteal phase corresponds to reports demonstrating algorithm‐driven increases in insulin delivery during AHCL therapy 9 and increased TDD during the luteal phase 10 .”
Elhenawy et al. observed that menstrual phase-related differences in TIR disappeared after AHCL initiation.
“Elhenawy et al. observed that menstrual phase‐related differences in TIR disappeared after AHCL initiation 9 , whereas Monroy et al. reported increased mean glucose levels and TAR during the luteal phase 10 .”
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Cites
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“2 However, other studies mainly observed fasting hyperglycaemia because of the effect of progesterone on accentuating the dawn phenomenon, 15,22 making adjustment of basal insulin the optimal approach.”
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Sorted by citations
Takagi, E., Kaga, H., Mori, R., Fujikawa, S., Nagashima, H., Kogai, T., Koshibu, M., Sato, J., Nishida, Y., Ikeda, F., et al. (2026) · Journal of Diabetes Investigation · doi:10.1111/jdi.70463
“Elhenawy et al . observed that menstrual phase-related differences in TIR disappeared after AHCL initiation 9 , whereas Monroy et al . reported increased mean glucose levels and TAR during the luteal phase 10 .”
Influential
- Authors
- Elhenawy, Y. I., Abdel Kader, M. S., & Thabet, R. A.
- Affiliations
- Ain Shams University (EG)
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Misr University of Science and Technology (MUST) Giza Egypt
- Corresponding author
- Elhenawy, Yasmine Ibrahim
- Venue
- Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2024-09-09
- Volume
- 26
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 4916-4923
- ISSN
- 1462-8902 (ISSN-L)
- 1463-1326
- OpenAlex
- W4402370372
- Cited by
- 17
- References
- 6
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 9
- FWCI
- 5.61
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Education
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Diabetes and associated disorders
- Keywords
- type 1 diabetes, menstrual cycle, glycemic variability, MiniMed 780G, hybrid closed-loop insulin delivery, continuous glucose monitoring, luteal phase, follicular phase, time in range, insulin requirement, adolescents and young adults
- MeSH terms
- Glycemic Control, Adolescent, Adult, Blood Glucose, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1, Female, Follicular Phase, Humans, Hypoglycemic Agents, Insulin, Insulin Infusion Systems, Luteal Phase, Menstrual Cycle, Pilot Projects, Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring, Young Adult
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