Do fewer males present to clinical high‐risk services for psychosis relative to first‐episode services?
Abstract
Aim: A decline in the rate of transition to psychosis in patients presenting with clinical high‐risk has been reported in the literature. Several hypotheses have been put forward to explain this decline. In this brief report, we aimed to explore whether the demographic group presenting to clinical high‐risk services differs from the ‘end‐point’ population who present with first‐episode psychosis (FEP), by focusing on gender. Method: Gender distribution was compared between clinical high‐risk (CHR) and FEP using data extracted from published study samples and clinical data from corresponding cohorts within the same catchment area in South London. Results: The proportion of males was significantly higher in FEP compared to CHR services in the literature describing Europe, Australia and North America and in the clinical cohort from South London. Conclusion: Males are under‐represented in existing CHR services in Europe, Australia and North America. This could reflect less willingness in males to seek help if experiencing low‐level psychological distress and may be related to the declining transition.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The transitivity assumption was examined by assessing distributions of potential effect modifiers across comparisons in the network.
“The transitivity assumption was examined by assessing the distributions of potential effect modifiers for every comparison in the network, including percentage of males 68 , age 69 , percentage exposed to antipsychotic medications at baseline 70 , type of blinding and publication year 6 .”
From Lack of evidence to favor specific preventive interventions in psychosis: a network meta‐analysis (2018) · cites this paper as [68]
Cites
Merikangas, K. R., He, J.-P., Burstein, M., Swanson, S. A., Avenevoli, S., Cui, L., Benjet, C., Georgiades, K., & Swendsen, J. (2010) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jaac.2010.05.017 · Cited by 6,278 · see citing works
Kessler, R. (1993) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/0165-0327(93)90026-g · Cited by 2,207 · see citing works
Epidemiology of women and depression
Kessler, R. (2003) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/s0165-0327(02)00426-3 · Cited by 2,006 · see citing works
Predicting Psychosis: Meta-analysis of Transition Outcomes in Individuals at High Clinical Risk
Fusar-Poli, P. (2012) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2011.1472 · Cited by 1,361 · see citing works
Robinson, D., Woerner, M. G., Alvir, J. M. J., Bilder, R., Goldman, R., Geisler, S., Koreen, A., Sheitman, B., Chakos, M., Mayerhoff, D., et al. (1999) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.56.3.241 · Cited by 1,327 · see citing works
Brave men and timid women? A review of the gender differences in fear and anxiety
McLean, C. P., & Anderson, E. R. (2009) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2009.05.003 · Cited by 1,149 · see citing works
Ruhrmann, S., Schultze-Lutter, F., Salokangas, R. K. R., Heinimaa, M., Linszen, D., Dingemans, P., Birchwood, M., Patterson, P., Juckel, G., Heinz, A., et al. (2010) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2009.206 · Cited by 632 · see citing works
Fusar-Poli, P., Nelson, B., Valmaggia, L., Yung, A. R., & McGuire, P. K. (2014) · Schizophrenia Bulletin · doi:10.1093/schbul/sbs136 · Cited by 589 · see citing works
Gender differences in schizophrenia
Häfner, H. (2003) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/s0306-4530(02)00125-7 · Cited by 568 · see citing works
At Clinical High Risk for Psychosis: Outcome for Nonconverters
Addington, J., Cornblatt, B. A., Cadenhead, K. S., Cannon, T. D., McGlashan, T. H., Perkins, D. O., Seidman, L. J., Tsuang, M. T., Walker, E. F., Woods, S. W., et al. (2011) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2011.10081191 · Cited by 477 · see citing works
Early interventions to prevent psychosis: systematic review and meta-analysis
Stafford, M. R., Jackson, H., Mayo-Wilson, E., Morrison, A. P., & Kendall, T. (2013) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.f185 · Cited by 456 · see citing works
Reducing the Duration of Untreated First-Episode Psychosis
Melle, I. S., Larsen, T. K., Haahr, U., Friis, S., Johannessen, J. O., Opjordsmoen, S., Simonsen, E. H., Rund, B. R., Vaglum, P., & McGlashan, T. H. (2004) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.61.2.143 · Cited by 439 · see citing works
Long-term Follow-up of a Group at Ultra High Risk (“Prodromal”) for Psychosis
Nelson, B., Yuen, H. P., Wood, S. J., Lin, A. P., Spiliotacopoulos, D., Bruxner, A., Broussard, C., Simmons, M. B., Foley, D. L., Brewer, W. J., et al. (2013) · JAMA Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2013.1270 · Cited by 434 · see citing works
Declining Transition Rate in Ultra High Risk (Prodromal) Services: Dilution or Reduction of Risk?
Yung, A. R., Yuen, H. P., Berger, G. E., Francey, S. M., Hung, T.-C., Nelson, B., Phillips, L., & McGorry, P. D. (2007) · Schizophrenia Bulletin · doi:10.1093/schbul/sbm015 · Cited by 412 · see citing works
Correll, C. U., Robinson, D. G., Schooler, N. R., Brunette, M. F., Mueser, K. T., Rosenheck, R. A., Marcy, P., Addington, J., Estroff, S. E., Robinson, J., et al. (2014) · JAMA Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2014.1314 · Cited by 384 · see citing works
Influence of Gender on Mental Health Literacy in Young Australians
Cotton, S., Wright, A., Harris, M., Jorm, A. F., & McGorry, P. D. (2006) · Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1080/j.1440-1614.2006.01885.x · Cited by 322 · see citing works
North American Prodrome Longitudinal Study (NAPLS 2): Overview and recruitment
Addington, J., Cadenhead, K. S., Cornblatt, B. A., Mathalon, D. H., McGlashan, T. H., Perkins, D. O., Seidman, L. J., Tsuang, M. T., Walker, E. F., Woods, S. W., et al. (2012) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2012.09.012 · Cited by 272 · see citing works
Substance use in a population-based clinic sample of people with first-episode psychosis
Barnett, J. H., Field‐Werners, U., SECHER, S. M., Hill, K. E., Brazil, R., Masson, K., Pernet, D., Kirkbride, J. B., Murray, G. K., Bullmore, E. T., et al. (2007) · The British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.106.024448 · Cited by 271 · see citing works
Fusar‐Poli, P., Yung, A. R., McGorry, P. D., & van Os, J. (2013) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291713000184 · Cited by 219 · see citing works
van Os, J., & Linscott, R. J. (2012) · Schizophrenia Bulletin · doi:10.1093/schbul/sbr188 · Cited by 213 · see citing works
Fusar‐Poli, P., Bechdolf, A., Taylor, M. J., Bonoldi, I., Carpenter, W. T., Yung, A. R., & McGuire, P. K. (2012) · Schizophrenia Bulletin · doi:10.1093/schbul/sbs060 · Cited by 211 · see citing works
Phillips, L., Yung, A., & McGorry, P. (2000) · Australian and New Zealand journal of psychiatry (Print) · doi:10.1080/000486700239 · Cited by 207 · see citing works
Fusar‐Poli, P., Byrne, M., Badger, S., Valmaggia, L., & McGuire, P. K. (2012) · European Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.eurpsy.2012.08.002 · Cited by 197 · see citing works
Pruessner, M., Iyer, S. N., Faridi, K., Joober, R., & MALLA, A. K. (2011) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2011.03.022 · Cited by 188 · see citing works
Patterns, predictors and impact of substance use in early psychosis: a longitudinal study
Addington, J., & Addington, D. E. (2006) · Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0447.2006.00900.x · Cited by 180 · see citing works
Gender difference in age at onset of schizophrenia: a meta-analysis
Eranti, S. V., MacCabe, J. H., Bundy, H., & Murray, R. M. (2012) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s003329171200089x · Cited by 168 · see citing works
Ultra high-risk state for psychosis and non-transition: A systematic review
Simon, A. E., Velthorst, E., Nieman, D. H., LINSZEN, D. H., Umbricht, D., & de Haan, L. (2011) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2011.07.002 · Cited by 155 · see citing works
Srihari, V. H., Tek, C., Küçükgöncü, S., Phutane, V. H., Breitborde, N. J. K., Pollard, J., Özkan, B., Saksa, J. R., Walsh, B. C., & Woods, S. W. (2015) · Psychiatric Services · doi:10.1176/appi.ps.201400236 · Cited by 136 · see citing works
Simon, A. E., Borgwardt, S., Riecher-Rössler, A., Velthorst, E., de Haan, L., & Fusar-Poli, P. (2013) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2013.03.004 · Cited by 133 · see citing works
Schultze‐Lutter, F., Klosterkötter, J., & Ruhrmann, S. (2014) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2014.02.010 · Cited by 132 · see citing works
Thorup, A. A. E., Albert, N., Bertelsen, M., Petersen, L., Jeppesen, P., Quack, P. L., Krarup, G., Jørgensen, P., & Nordentoft, M. (2013) · European Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.eurpsy.2012.11.005 · Cited by 129 · see citing works
Cognitive functioning in first episode psychosis: initial presentation
Addington, J., Brooks, B. L., & Addington, D. E. (2003) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/s0920-9964(02)00340-7 · Cited by 123 · see citing works
Suicidality in first episode psychosis
Clarke, M., Whitty, P., Browne, S., Tigue, O. M., Kinsella, A., Waddington, J. L., Larkin, C., & O’Callaghan, E. (2006) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2006.05.026 · Cited by 117 · see citing works
Thompson, E. C., Millman, Z., Okuzawa, N., Mittal, V., Devylder, J., Skadberg, T., Buchanan, R., Reeves, G., & Schiffman, J. (2015) · Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease · doi:10.1097/nmd.0000000000000287 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Symptomatic and functional outcome in youth at ultra-high risk for psychosis: A longitudinal study
Giráldez, S. L., Vallina-Fernández, Ó., Iglesias, P. F., Vallejo, G., Fonseca‐Pedrero, E., Paíno, M., Sierra‐Baigrie, S., García-Pelayo, P., Pedrejón-Molino, C., Alonso-Bada, S., et al. (2009) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2009.09.011 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
DeVylder, J., Muchomba, F. M., Gill, K. E., Ben‐David, S., Walder, D. J., Malaspina, D., & Corcoran, C. M. (2014) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2014.08.008 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Is Early Intervention for Psychosis Feasible and Effective?
Srihari, V. H., Shah, J. L., & Keshavan, M. S. (2012) · Psychiatric Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.psc.2012.06.004 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Tosato, S., Lasalvia, A., Bonetto, C., Mazzoncini, R., Cristofalo, D., Santi, K. D., Bertani, M., Bissoli, S., Lazzarotto, L., Marrella, G., et al. (2013) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2012.11.009 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Birchwood, M. J., Lester, H. E., McCarthy, L., Jones, P. B., Fowler, D. G., Amos, T., Freemantle, N., Sharma, V. K., Lavis, A., Singh, S. P., et al. (2013) · Early Intervention in Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/eip.12007 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Segarra, R., Ojeda, N., Peña, J., García‐Ormaza, J., Rodríguez-Morales, A., Ruiz, I., Hidalgo, R., Burón, J. A., Eguíluz, J. I., & Gutiérrez, M. (2010) · European Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.eurpsy.2010.06.003 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Sexual dimorphisms and prediction of conversion in the NAPLS psychosis prodrome
Walder, D. J., Holtzman, C. W., Addington, J., Cadenhead, K. S., Tsuang, M. T., Cornblatt, B. A., Cannon, T. D., McGlashan, T. H., Woods, S. W., Perkins, D. O., et al. (2013) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2012.11.039 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Early interventions to prevent psychosis: systematic review and meta-analysis
(2013) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.f762 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Ittig, S., Studerus, E., Papmeyer, M., Uttinger, M., Koranyi, S., Ramyead, A., & Riecher‐Rössler, A. (2014) · European Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.eurpsy.2014.11.006 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Does treatment delay predict occupational functioning in first-episode psychosis?
Norman, R. M. G., Mallal, A. K., Manchanda, R., Windell, D., Harricharan, R., Takhar, J., & Northcott, S. (2007) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2006.12.024 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Henry, L. P., Harris, M., Amminger, G. P., Yuen, H. P., Harrigan, S., Lambert, M., Conus, P., Schwartz, O., Prosser, A. L., Farrelly, S. E., et al. (2007) · Early Intervention in Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1751-7893.2007.00008.x · Cited by 48 · see citing works
‘Jumping to conclusions’ in first‐episode psychosis
Dudley, R., Shaftoe, D., Cavanagh, K., Spencer, H. M., Ormrod, J., Turkington, D., & Freeston, M. (2011) · Early Intervention in Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1751-7893.2010.00258.x · Cited by 46 · see citing works
O’Connor, J. A., Wiffen, B. D. R., Forti, M. D., Ferraro, L., Joseph, C., Kolliakou, A., Bonaccorso, S., Murray, R. M., & David, A. S. (2013) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2013.06.005 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Phillips, L., Yung, A., & McGorry, P. (2000) · Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/000486740003401s25 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Duration of untreated psychosis: a proposition regarding treatment definition
Polari, A. R., Lavoie, S., Sarrasin, P., Pellanda, V., Cotton, S., & Conus, P. (2011) · Early Intervention in Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1751-7893.2011.00308.x · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Psychosocial outcome in patients at clinical high risk of psychosis: a prospective follow-up
Salokangas, R., Nieman, D., Heinimaa, M., Svirskis, T., Luutonen, S., From, T., von Reventlow, H. V., Juckel, G., Linszen, D., Dingemans, P., et al. (2013) · Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology · doi:10.1007/s00127-012-0545-2 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Patel, R., Wilson, R. P., Jackson, R., et al. (2015) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(15)60394-4 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Self-citationTarricone, I., Boydell, J. E., Panigada, S., Allegri, F., Marcacci, T., Minenna, M. G., Kokona, A., Triolo, F., Storbini, V., Michetti, R., et al. (2014) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2014.01.014 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Chon, M., Lee, T. Y., Kim, S. N., et al. (2015) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2015.01.013 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Lack of evidence to favor specific preventive interventions in psychosis: a network meta‐analysis
Davies, C., Cipriani, A., Ioannidis, J. P. A., Radua, J., Stahl, D., Provenzani, U., McGuire, P., & Fusar‐Poli, P. (2018) · World Psychiatry · doi:10.1002/wps.20526 · Cited by 229 · see citing works
- Authors
- Wilson, R. P., Patel, R., & Bhattacharyya, S.
- Affiliations
- King's College London (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Bhattacharyya, Sagnik
- Venue
- Early Intervention in Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2016-01-28
- Volume
- 11
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 429-435
- ISSN
- 1751-7885 (ISSN-L)
- 1751-7893
- OpenAlex
- W2285506215
- Cited by
- 6
- References
- 53
- Citations by year
- 2024: 1 · 2022: 1 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 2 · 2016: 1
- FWCI
- 1.17
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Early Intervention in Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research Portal (King's College London) (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Medical Research Council Clinical Research Training Fellowship
- NIHR (CS-11-001)
- UK MRC (MR/J012149/1)
- NIHR Mental Health Biomedical Research Centre at South London
- Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust
- King's College London
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Schizophrenia research and treatment
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Mental Health Treatment and Access
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychiatric care and mental health services
- Keywords
- clinical high risk for psychosis, first-episode psychosis, gender differences, help-seeking, transition to psychosis, South London
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Australia, Europe, Female, Humans, London, Male, Mental Health Services, Psychotic Disorders, Risk Factors, Sex Factors, Stress, Psychological, Young Adult
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review