Deep brain stimulation of the nucleus basalis of Meynert attenuates early EEG components associated with defective sensory gating in patients with Alzheimer disease – a two‐case study
Abstract
Alzheimer′s disease (AD) is associated with deterioration of memory and cognitive function and a degeneration of neurons of the nucleus basalis of Meynert (NBM). The NBM is the major input source of acetylcholine (AC h) to the cortex. The decreasing cholinergic innervation of the cortex due to degeneration of the NBM might be the cause of loss of memory function. NBM‐Deep brain stimulation (NBM‐DBS) is considered to serve as a potential therapeutic option for patients with AD by supporting residual cholinergic transmission to stabilize oscillatory activity in memory‐relevant circuits. However, whether DBS could improve sensory memory functions in patients with AD is not clear. Here, in a passive auditory oddball paradigm, patients with AD (N = 2) listened to repetitive background tones (standard tones) randomly interrupted by frequency deviants in two blocks with NBM‐DBS OFF and then NBM‐DBS ON, while age‐matched healthy controls (N = 6) repeated the experiment twice. The mismatch negativity in NBM‐DBS OFF significantly differed from controls in both blocks, but not under NBM‐DBS, which was likely due to a pronounced P50 increase overlapping with the N1 in NBM‐DBS OFF. This early complex of EEG components recovered under stimulation to a normal level as defined by responses in controls. In this temporal interval, we found in patients with NBM‐DBS ON (but not with NBM‐DBS OFF) and in controls a strong repetition suppression effect to standard tones – with more attenuated responses to frequently repeated standard tones. This highlights the role of NBM‐DBS for sensory gating of familiar auditory information into sensory memory.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The cholinergic deficit in AD is one mechanism by which cortical generators of the neurophysiological response may differ.
“The cholinergic deficit in AD is one mechanism by which cortical generators of the neurophysiological response may differ.”
From Alzheimer's disease and its progression reduce pyramidal cell gain and connectivity (2025) · cites this paper as [40]
Mismatch negativity responses are altered by cholinergic antagonists and by deep brain stimulation of the nucleus basalis of Meynert.
“For example, mismatch negativity responses are altered by cholinergic antagonists 39 and by deep brain stimulation of the nucleus basalis of Meynert, a major source of cholinergic innervation of the cortex. 40”
From Alzheimer's disease and its progression reduce pyramidal cell gain and connectivity (2025) · cites this paper as [40]
Cites
Alzheimer's Disease and Senile Dementia: Loss of Neurons in the Basal Forebrain
Whitehouse, P., Price, D., Struble, R., Clark, A., Coyle, J., & DeLong, M. R. (1982) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.7058341 · Cited by 3,627 · see citing works
Early selective-attention effect on evoked potential reinterpreted
Näätänen, R., Gaillard, A. W. K., & Mäntysalo, S. (1978) · Acta Psychologica · doi:10.1016/0001-6918(78)90006-9 · Cited by 2,725 · see citing works
The mismatch negativity (MMN) in basic research of central auditory processing: A review
Näätänen, R., Paavilainen, P., Rinne, T., & Alho, K. (2007) · Clinical Neurophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.clinph.2007.04.026 · Cited by 2,644 · see citing works
Mesulam, M. ‐., Mufson, E. J., Levey, A. I., & Wainer, B. H. (1983) · Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.902140206 · Cited by 1,962 · see citing works
A synaptic memory trace for cortical receptive field plasticity
Froemke, R. C., Merzenich, M. M., & Schreiner, C. E. (2007) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature06289 · Cited by 600 · see citing works
Dementia of the Alzheimer Type
Terry, R., & Davies, P. (1980) · Annual Review of Neuroscience · doi:10.1146/annurev.ne.03.030180.000453 · Cited by 529 · see citing works
Voytko, M. L., Olton, D. S., Richardson, R., Gorman, L. K., Tobin, J., & Price, D. (1994) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.14-01-00167.1994 · Cited by 482 · see citing works
Acetylcholine contributes through muscarinic receptors to attentional modulation in V1
Herrero, J. L., Roberts, M. J., Delicato, L. S., Gieselmann, M. A., Dayan, P., & Thiele, A. (2008) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature07141 · Cited by 459 · see citing works
Sarter, M., & Bruno, J. (1999) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/s0306-4522(99)00487-x · Cited by 440 · see citing works
McGaughy, J., Kaiser, T., & Sarter, M. (1996) · Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.1037/0735-7044.110.2.247 · Cited by 435 · cited 1× · see citing works
“…the enhancement of cortical plasticity (Rasmusson, 2000) and is involved in many cognitive functions including attention (Voytko et al., 1994; McGaughy et al.,1996; Sarter & Bruno, 2000; Furey et al., 2008; Herrero et al., 2008) and memory encoding/learning (Miasnikov et al., 2001, 2008;…”
BackgroundMcGaughy, J. A., Kaiser, T. E., & Sarter, M. F. (1996) · Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.1037//0735-7044.110.2.247 · Cited by 435 · see citing works
P300 assessment of early Alzheimer's disease
Polich, J. M., Ladish, C., & Bloom, F. E. (1990) · Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology/Evoked Potentials Section · doi:10.1016/0168-5597(90)90036-d · Cited by 278 · see citing works
The role of acetylcholine in cortical synaptic plasticity
Rasmusson, D. D. (2000) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/s0166-4328(00)00259-x · Cited by 267 · see citing works
Deep brain stimulation of the nucleus basalis of Meynert in Alzheimer’s dementia
Kuhn, J., Hardenacke, K., Lenartz, D., Gruendler, T. O. J., Ullsperger, M., Bartsch, C., Mai, J. K., Zilles, K., Bauer, A., Matusch, A., et al. (2014) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/mp.2014.32 · Cited by 262 · see citing works
Self-citationCholinergic Neurotransmission Is Essential for Perirhinal Cortical Plasticity and Recognition Memory
Warburton, E. C., Koder, T., Cho, K., Massey, P. V., Duguid, G., Barker, G. R. I., Aggleton, J. P., Bashir, Z. I., & Brown, M. W. (2003) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/s0896-6273(03)00358-1 · Cited by 226 · see citing works
The Frontal Generator of the Mismatch Negativity Revisited
Deouell, L. Y. (2007) · Journal of Psychophysiology · doi:10.1027/0269-8803.21.34.188 · Cited by 220 · see citing works
The Role of Phytochemicals in the Treatment and Prevention of Dementia
Howes, M. R., & Perry, E. K. (2011) · Drugs & Aging · doi:10.2165/11591310-000000000-00000 · Cited by 187 · see citing works
Golob, E. J., Irimajiri, R., & Starr, A. (2007) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awl375 · Cited by 183 · see citing works
Weinberger, N. M. (2003) · Neurobiology of Learning and Memory · doi:10.1016/s1074-7427(03)00072-8 · Cited by 165 · see citing works
The nucleus basalis of Meynert: A new target for deep brain stimulation in dementia?
Gratwicke, J., Kahan, J., Zrinzo, L. U., Hariz, M. I., Limousin, P. D., Foltynie, T., & Jahanshahi, M. (2013) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2013.09.003 · Cited by 144 · see citing works
Electrophysiological dfierences between demented and nondemented patients with Parkinson's disease
Goodin, D. S., & Aminoff, M. J. (1987) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/ana.410210116 · Cited by 142 · see citing works
Auditory sensory memory impairment in Alzheimerʼs disease
Pekkonen, E., Jousmäki, V., Könönen, M., Reinikainen, K., & Partanen, J. (1994) · Neuroreport · doi:10.1097/00001756-199412000-00033 · Cited by 133 · see citing works
Cholinergic control of visual categorization in macaques
Aggelopoulos, N. C. (2011) · Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2011.00073 · Cited by 112 · see citing works
Selective Effects of Cholinergic Modulation on Task Performance during Selective Attention
Furey, M. L., Pietrini, P., Haxby, J. V., & Drevets, W. C. (2008) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/sj.npp.1301461 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
Multiple time scales of adaptation in the auditory system as revealed by human evoked potentials
Costa‐Faidella, J., Grimm, S., Slabu, L., Díaz-Santaella, F., & Escera, C. (2010) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/j.1469-8986.2010.01144.x · Cited by 104 · see citing works
Auditory Sensory Memory and the Cholinergic System: Implications for Alzheimer's Disease
Pekkonen, E., Hirvonen, J., Jääskeläinen, I. P., Kaakkola, S., & Huttunen, J. (2001) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1006/nimg.2001.0805 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
Pihlajamaki, M. M., DePeau, K. M., Blacker, D., & Sperling, R. A. (2008) · American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/jgp.0b013e318162a0a9 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Deep Brain Stimulation for Psychiatric Disorders
Kuhn, J., Gründler, T. O. J., Lenartz, D., Sturm, V., Klosterkötter, J., & Huff, W. (2010) · Deutsches Ärzteblatt international · doi:10.3238/arztebl.2010.0105 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Self-citationMuscarinic dependence of nucleus basalis induced conditioned receptive field plasticity
Miasnikov, A. A., McLin, D., & Weinberger, N. M. (2001) · Neuroreport · doi:10.1097/00001756-200105250-00047 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Shalgi, S., & Deouell, L. Y. (2007) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2006.11.023 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Boutros, N. N., Torello, M. W., Barker, B. A., Tueting, P. A., Wu, S.-C., & Nasrallah, H. A. (1995) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/0165-1781(95)02637-c · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Deep Brain Stimulation of the Nucleus Basalis of Meynert in Early Stage of Alzheimer's Dementia
Kuhn, J., Hardenacke, K., Shubina, E., Lenartz, D., Visser-Vandewalle, V. E. R. M., Zilles, K., Sturm, V., & Freund, H. (2015) · Brain stimulation · doi:10.1016/j.brs.2015.04.002 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Self-citationGolob, E. J., & Starr, A. (2000) · Clinical Neurophysiology · doi:10.1016/s1388-2457(00)00332-1 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Lindı́n, M., Correa-Jaraba, K. S., Zurrón, M., & Dı́az, F. (2013) · Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnagi.2013.00079 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Effects of aging on middle-latency auditory evoked potentials: A cross-sectional study
Amenedo, E., & Dı́az, F. (1998) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s0006-3223(97)00255-2 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Mismatch negativity during attend and ignore conditions in Alzheimer's disease
Kazmerski, V. A., Friedman, D., & Ritter, W. (1997) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s0006-3223(96)00344-7 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Hardenacke, K., Shubina, E., Bührle, C., Zapf, A. C., Lenartz, D., Klosterkötter, J., Visser-Vandewalle, V. E. R. M., & Kuhn, J. (2013) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2013.00159 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Self-citationInadequate inhibition of redundant auditory inputs in Alzheimer's disease: An MEG study
Cheng, C., Wang, P., Hsu, W., & Lin, Y. (2011) · Biological Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2011.11.010 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Evoked potentials in subjects at risk for Alzheimer's Disease
Boutros, N. N., Torello, M. W., Burns, E. M., et al. (1995) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/0165-1781(95)02597-p · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Fujiki, M., Kobayashi, H., Uchida, S., et al. (2005) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2005.02.063 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Plasticity in representations of environmental sounds revealed by electrical neuroimaging
Murray, M. M., Camen, C., Spierer, L., & Clarke, S. (2007) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2007.09.002 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Effects of cholinergic enhancement on conditioning‐related responses in human auditory cortex
Thiel, C. M., Bentley, P., & Dolan, R. J. (2002) · European Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1046/j.1460-9568.2002.02272.x · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Specific auditory memory induced by nucleus basalis stimulation depends on intrinsic acetylcholine
Miasnikov, A. A., Chen, J. C., & Weinberger, N. M. (2008) · Neurobiology of Learning and Memory · doi:10.1016/j.nlm.2008.05.010 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Hardenacke, K., Hashemiyoon, R., Visser-Vandewalle, V. E. R. M., et al. (2016) · Brain stimulation · doi:10.1016/j.brs.2016.05.013 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Repetition suppression comprises both attention-independent and attention-dependent processes
Hsu, Y., Hämäläinen, J. A., & Waszak, F. (2014) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2014.04.084 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Fujiki, M., Kubo, T., Kamida, T., Sugita, K., Hikawa, T., Abé, T., Ishii, K., & Kobayashi, H. (2008) · Journal of Clinical Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.jocn.2007.07.002 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Adaptation of high-gamma responses in human auditory association cortex
Eliades, S. J., Crone, N. E., Anderson, W. S., Ramadoss, D., Lenz, F. A., & Boatman‐Reich, D. (2014) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.00207.2014 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Failure of repetition suppression and memory encoding in aging and Alzheimer’s disease
Pihlajamaki, M. M., O’Keefe, K., O’Brien, J., Blacker, D., & Sperling, R. A. (2010) · Brain Imaging and Behavior · doi:10.1007/s11682-010-9110-3 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
P50: A candidate ERP biomarker of prodromal Alzheimer׳s disease
Green, D. L., Payne, L., Robi Polikar, A., Moberg, P. J., Wolk, D. A., & Kounios, J. (2015) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2015.07.054 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Changes in sensitivity to stimulus deviance in Alzheimerʼs disease
Gaeta, H., Friedman, D., Ritter, W., & Cheng, J. C. (1999) · Neuroreport · doi:10.1097/00001756-199902050-00014 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
The auditory P50 response is normal in Alzheimer's disease when measured via a paired click paradigm
Fein, G., Biggins, C. A., & Dyke, C. V. (1994) · Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology/Evoked Potentials Section · doi:10.1016/0168-5597(94)90138-4 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Aging effects on auditory middle latency responses.
Azumi, T., Nakashima, K., & Takahashi, K. (1995) · PubMed · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Sensory Deviancy Detection Measured Directly Within the Human Nucleus Accumbens
Dürschmid, S., Zaehle, T., Hinrichs, H., Heinze, H., Voges, J., Garrido, M. I., Dolan, R. J., & Knight, R. T. (2015) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhu304 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Self-citationNicotine and sensory memory in Alzheimer's disease: an event-related potential study.
Engeland, C. G., Mahoney, C., Mohr, E., Ilivitsky, V., & Knott (2002) · PubMed · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Cholinesterase inhibitors affect brain potentials in amnestic mild cognitive impairment
Irimajiri, R., Michalewski, H. J., Golob, E. J., & Starr, A. (2007) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2007.01.120 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Hsiao, F., Chen, W., Wang, P., Cheng, C., & Lin, Y. (2014) · Human Brain Mapping · doi:10.1002/hbm.22570 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Alzheimer's disease and its progression reduce pyramidal cell gain and connectivity
Lanskey, J. H., Jafarian, A., Karadag, M., Kocagoncu, E., Williams, R. S., Yadav, P., Quinn, A. J., Pitt, J., Thayanandan, T., Lowe, S., et al. (2025) · Alzheimer's & Dementia · doi:10.1002/alz.70805 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
“40 During mismatch negativity paradigms, cholinergic agonists increase 5,7 and cholinergic antagonists decrease 7 parameters for the gain modulation of superficial pyramidal cells.”
- Authors
- Dürschmid, S., Reichert, C., Kuhn, J., Freund, H., Hinrichs, H., & Heinze, H.
- Affiliations
- Otto-von-Guericke-Universität Magdeburg (DE)
- Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology (DE)
- University of Cologne (DE)
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Dürschmid, Stefan
- Venue
- European Journal of Neuroscience
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2017-11-22
- Volume
- 51
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 1201-1209
- ISSN
- 0953-816X (ISSN-L)
- 1460-9568
- OpenAlex
- W2767097370
- Cited by
- 31
- References
- 56
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 4
- FWCI
- 1.71
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- European Journal of Neuroscience (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DZNE Pub (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (13GW0095A, 13GW0095D)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Neurology › Neurological disorders and treatments
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Vagus Nerve Stimulation Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Studies
- Keywords
- deep brain stimulation, nucleus basalis of Meynert, Alzheimer's disease, sensory gating, mismatch negativity, auditory oddball paradigm, P50, N1, repetition suppression, sensory memory, cholinergic neurotransmission, acetylcholine
- MeSH terms
- Alzheimer Disease, Electroencephalography, Humans, Basal Nucleus of Meynert, Deep Brain Stimulation, Sensory Gating
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
