Dopamine dysregulation in Parkinson’s disease flattens the pleasurable urge to move to musical rhythms
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Abstract
The pleasurable urge to move to music (PLUMM) activates motor and reward areas of the brain and is thought to be driven by predictive processes. Dopamine in motor and limbic networks is implicated in beat-based timing and music-induced pleasure, suggesting a central role of basal ganglia (BG) dopaminergic systems in PLUMM. This study tested this hypothesis by comparing PLUMM in participants with Parkinson's disease (PD), age-matched controls, and young controls. Participants listened to musical sequences with varying rhythmic and harmonic complexity (low, medium and high), and rated their experienced pleasure and urge to move to the rhythm. In line with previous results, healthy younger participants showed an inverted U-shaped relationship between rhythmic complexity and ratings, with preference for medium complexity rhythms, while age-matched controls showed a similar, but weaker, inverted U-shaped response. Conversely, PD showed a significantly flattened response for both the urge to move and pleasure. Crucially, this flattened response could not be attributed to differences in rhythm discrimination and did not reflect an overall decrease in ratings. For harmonic complexity, PD showed a negative linear pattern for both the urge to move and pleasure while healthy age-matched controls showed the same pattern for pleasure and an inverted U for the urge to move. This contrasts with the pattern observed in young healthy controls in previous studies, suggesting that both healthy aging and PD also influence affective responses to harmonic complexity. Together, these results support the role of dopamine within cortico-striatal circuits in the predictive processes that form the link between the perceptual processing of rhythmic patterns and the affective and motor responses to rhythmic music.
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The flatter pleasure response to rhythms strongly correlated with the severity of symptoms in Parkinson's disease.
“The latter effect strongly correlated with the severity of symptoms (Pando-Naude et al., 2024).”
From Predictive coding in neuropsychiatric disorders: a systematic transdiagnostic review. (2025) · cites this paper as Pando-Naude et al., 2024
The ‘Correlations between Pleasure ratings, UPDRS, and MET scores’ section (p. 12) reports a significant association between motor-symptom severity and flattening of the pleasure response to rhythmic complexity. Its reported correlation, r(47) = −0.37, supports an association but not the claim that it was strong. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredWhen asked to rate their pleasure when listening to different rhythms, Parkinson's disease patients displayed a flatter response.
“When asked to rate their pleasure when listening to different rhythms, they displayed a flatter response (Pando-Naude et al., 2024).”
From Predictive coding in neuropsychiatric disorders: a systematic transdiagnostic review. (2025) · cites this paper as Pando-Naude et al., 2024
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(2022) · doi:10.1162/jocn
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- [20]20. Gold, B. P., Mas-Herrero, E., Dagher, A. & Zatorre, R. J. Toward a fuller understanding of reward prediction errors and their role in musical pleasure. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 116 , 20815 -20816 (2019).
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Predictive coding in neuropsychiatric disorders: a systematic transdiagnostic review.
Qela, B., Damiani, S., De Santis, S., Groppi, F., Pichiecchio, A., Asteggiano, C., Brondino, N., Monteleone, A. M., Grassi, L., Politi, P., et al. (2025) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2025.106020 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
- Authors
- Pando‐Naude, V., Matthews, T. E., Højlund, A., Jakobsen, S., Østergaard, K., Johnsen, E., Garza‐Villarreal, E. A., Witek, M. A. G., Penhune, V., & Vuust, P.
- Affiliations
- Aarhus University (DK)
- Aarhus University Hospital (DK)
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (MX)
- University of Birmingham (GB)
- Concordia University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Pando‐Naude, Victor
- ORCID
- Venue
- European Journal of Neuroscience
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2023-09-19
- Volume
- 59
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 101-118
- ISSN
- 0953-816X (ISSN-L)
- 1460-9568
- OpenAlex
- W4386845440
- Cited by
- 29
- References
- 171
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 5
- FWCI
- 4.34
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- European Journal of Neuroscience (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) (acceptedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- OSF Preprints (OSF Preprints) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Danmarks Grundforskningsfond (DNRF 117)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Music Perception
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Neurology › Parkinson's Disease Mechanisms and Treatments
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Keywords
- Parkinson's disease, dopamine dysregulation, musical rhythm, harmonic complexity, basal ganglia, corticostriatal circuits, predictive processing, aging, music perception, reward
- MeSH terms
- Auditory Perception, Brain, Dopamine, Humans, Music, Parkinson Disease
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