Mapping the expression of epithelial hair follicle stem cell‐related transcription factors LHX 2 and SOX 9 in the human hair follicle
Abstract
In the murine hair follicle (HF), the transcription factors LHX2 and SOX9 are implicated in epithelial hair follicle stem cell (eHFSC) self-renewal and the maintenance of eHFSC niche characteristics. However, the exact expression patterns of LHX2 and SOX9 in the human HF are unclear. Therefore, we have quantitatively mapped the localisation of known human eHFSC markers keratin 15 (K15) and keratin 19 (K19) in the outer root sheath (ORS) of male occipital scalp anagen HFs and related this to the localisation of LHX2 and SOX9 protein expression. As expected, K15(+) and K19(+) cells represented two distinct progenitor cell populations in the bulge and in the proximal bulb ORS (pbORS). Interestingly, cell fluorescence for K19 was significantly stronger within the pbORS versus the bulge, and vice versa for K15, describing a hitherto unrecognised differential expression pattern. LHX2 and SOX9 expressing cells were distributed throughout the ORS, including the bulge, but were not restricted to it. SOX9 expression was most prominent in the ORS immediately below the human bulge, whereas LHX2(+) cells were similarly distributed between the sub-bulge and pbORS, that is compartments not enriched with quiescent eHFSCs. During catagen development, the intensity of LHX2 and SOX9 protein expression increased in the proximal HF epithelium. Double immunostaining showed that the majority of SOX9(+) cells in the human anagen HF epithelium did not co-express K15, K19 or LHX2. This expression profile suggests that LHX2 and SOX9 highlight distinct epithelial progenitor cell populations, in addition to K15(+) or K19(+) cells, that could play an important role in the maintenance of the human HF epithelium.
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Putative pilosebaceous clusters were identified based on expression of KRT15, LHX2, and SOX9.
“We identified putative pilosebaceous clusters based on expression of known hair follicle markers or transcription factors (KRT15, LHX2, SOX9) and prior mouse and human studies in addition to manual cross-referencing of the Human Protein Atlas (Joost et al., 2016, Purba et al., 2015, Uhlén et al., 2015) and removed these from further analysis.”
From Multimodal Analysis of Composition and Spatial Architecture in Human Squamous Cell Carcinoma (2020) · cites this paper as Purba et al., 2015
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- Authors
- Purba, T. S., Haslam, I. S., Shahmalak, A., Bhogal, R. K., & Paus, R.
- Affiliations
- University of Manchester (GB)
- Crown Clinic Manchester UK
- Unilever (United Kingdom) (GB)
- University of Münster (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Paus, Ralf
- Venue
- Experimental Dermatology
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2015-05-15
- Volume
- 24
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 462-467
- ISSN
- 0906-6705 (ISSN-L)
- 1600-0625
- OpenAlex
- W1491987356
- Cited by
- 40
- References
- 47
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 1 · 2015: 4
- FWCI
- 6.02
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Experimental Dermatology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- University of Huddersfield Repository (University of Huddersfield) (submittedVersion)
- Research Explorer (The University of Manchester) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council
- Unilever
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Urology › Hair Growth and Disorders
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Skin and Cellular Biology Research
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › dental development and anomalies
- Keywords
- Lhx2, SOX9, human hair follicle, outer root sheath, keratin 15, keratin 19, hair follicle bulge, anagen, catagen, hair follicle epithelium, transcription factors, stem cell niche, occipital scalp
- MeSH terms
- Chromosome Mapping, Epithelial Cells, Gene Expression Regulation, Humans, Male, Stem Cells, Transcription Factors, Biomarkers, Hair Follicle, Keratin-19, Keratin-15, SOX9 Transcription Factor, LIM-Homeodomain Proteins
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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