Sarcopenia Definition Outcome Consortium – defined Weakness and Risk of Falls: The National Health and Aging Trends Survey
Open accessAbstract
Aim: The prevalence of obesity continues to rise, as does that of weakness. However, it is unclear how this impacts the risk of falling. We aimed to ascertain the risk of falls using new definitions of clinically defined weakness. Methods: We applied clinically defined weakness definitions to the National Health and Aging Trends Survey using the Sarcopenia Definitions Outcomes Consortium cutpoints. Three exposure variables were created: grip‐strength‐defined weakness and body mass index [GS/BMI]‐defined obesity; weakness and obesity, weakness and waist circumference‐derived obesity (GS/WC); and weakness defined by a ratio of GS÷BMI. Proportional hazards modeled incident falls as a function of weakness with/without obesity (hazard ratio [HR] [95% confidence intervals]). Results: Of 4906 respondents aged ≥ 65 years (54.5% female), the mean ± SD grip strength, BMI, and WC were 26.7 ± 10.6 kg, 27.4 ± 5.4 kg/m 2, and 99.5 ± 16.3 cm, respectively. Using the neither weakness/obesity as the referent, weakness was associated with incident falls across all definitions (GS/BMI: HR 1.19 [1.07, 1.33]; GS/WC: HR 1.39 [1.19, 1.62]; GS ÷ BMI: HR 1.16 [1.05, 1.28]). Weakness with obesity was associated with falls using GS/WC (HR 1.28 [1.11, 1.48]). Obesity status was associated with falls in both the BMI and the WC definition (1.17 [1.02–1.35], 1.16 [1.05–1.28]). Conclusion: Our findings further evaluate the definitions of clinically defined weakness with and without obesity in older adults. As falls are an important patient outcome, establishing this relationship is critical for both clinicians and researchers. Future study should identify high‐risk individuals in order to direct specific interventions to them. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2023; 23: 213–220.
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Sarcopenic obesity (SO) is a clinical condition defined by the coexistence of high body fat mass and low muscle function and mass, and it increases the risk of adverse health outcomes, including disability and mortality.
“Sarcopenic obesity (SO) is a clinical condition defined by the coexistence of high body fat mass and low muscle function and mass, which increases the risk of adverse health outcomes, including disability and mortality.”
From Sarcopenic Obesity Phenotype Index (SOP <i>i</i> ): A Population‐Based Study (2025) · cites this paper as [6]
The Introduction (page not provided) describes obesity coexisting with clinically defined weakness and says the combination has been proposed to lead to disability and mortality. The Discussion (page not provided) notes diagnostic criteria incorporating grip strength, muscle mass, and anthropometric measures. The claim overstates the proposed outcome risks as established increases and presents one definition as settled, whereas the paper emphasizes that definitions of sarcopenic obesity vary. (LLM, conf=0.84)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThis understanding can help in the preservation of muscle mass and function through current and future pharmacological and nonpharmacological therapies.
“This understanding can help in the preservation of muscle mass and function through current and future pharmacological and nonpharmacological therapies [6, 40].”
From Sarcopenic Obesity Phenotype Index (SOP <i>i</i> ): A Population‐Based Study (2025) · cites this paper as [6]
The Discussion’s Implications section (page not provided) says that identifying weakness can help direct high-risk older adults to nonpharmacological and pharmacological fall-prevention strategies, and that cutpoints may help develop future interventions. It does not say these therapies preserve muscle mass and function; the outcome discussed is reducing falls and fall-related injuries. (LLM, conf=0.84)
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- Authors
- Batsis, J. A., Haudenschild, C., Crow, R. S., Gilliam, M., & Mackenzie, T. A.
- Affiliations
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (US)
- University of Minnesota (US)
- Dartmouth College (US)
- Corresponding author
- Batsis, John A.
- Venue
- Geriatrics & Gerontology International
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2023-02-08
- Volume
- 23
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 213-220
- ISSN
- 1444-1586 (ISSN-L)
- 1447-0594
- PMC
- PMC9992327
- OpenAlex
- W4319461192
- Cited by
- 10
- References
- 31
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 6
- FWCI
- 1.77
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Licence
- Locations
- Geriatrics and gerontology international/Geriatrics & gerontology international (publishedVersion, public-domain)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion, other-oa)
- Funders
- National Institute on Aging (K23‐AG051681)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Nutrition and Health in Aging
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation › Balance, Gait, and Falls Prevention
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Geriatrics and Gerontology › Frailty in Older Adults
- Keywords
- sarcopenia, muscle weakness, falls, obesity, grip strength, body mass index, waist circumference, older adults, fall risk
- MeSH terms
- Accidental Falls, Frailty, Aged, Aging, Female, Humans, Male, Obesity, Surveys and Questionnaires, Body Mass Index, Waist Circumference, Sarcopenia
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