The DOI matches its Crossref record; 19 of the 19 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Indoor transmission of SARS‐CoV‐2
Open accessPublished version of a preprint
Abstract
Abstract Background By early April 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic had infected nearly one million people and had spread to nearly all countries worldwide. It is essential to understand where and how SARS-CoV-2 is transmitted. Methods Case reports were extracted from the local Municipal Health Commissions of 320 prefectural cities (municipalities) in China, not including Hubei province, between 4 January and 11 February 2020. We identified all outbreaks involving three or more cases and reviewed the major characteristics of the enclosed spaces in which the outbreaks were reported and associated indoor environmental issues. Results Three hundred and eighteen outbreaks with three or more cases were identified, involving 1245 confirmed cases in 120 prefectural cities. We divided the venues in which the outbreaks occurred into six categories: homes, transport, food, entertainment, shopping, and miscellaneous. Among the identified outbreaks, 53·8% involved three cases, 26·4% involved four cases, and only 1·6% involved ten or more cases. Home outbreaks were the dominant category (254 of 318 outbreaks; 79·9%), followed by transport (108; 34·0%; note that many outbreaks involved more than one venue category). Most home outbreaks involved three to five cases. We identified only a single outbreak in an outdoor environment, which involved two cases. Conclusions All identified outbreaks of three or more cases occurred in an indoor environment, which confirms that sharing indoor space is a major SARS-CoV-2 infection risk. Funding The work was supported by the Research Grants Council of Hong (no 17202719, C7025-16G), and National Natural Science Foundation of China (no 41977370).
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
(2020) · PubMed · doi:10.3760/cma.j.issn.0254-6450.2020.02.003 · Cited by 3,323
CDC Weekly, C., & The Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia Emergency Response Epidemiology Team (2020) · China CDC Weekly · doi:10.46234/ccdcw2020.032 · Cited by 2,889
Ventilation rates and health: Multidisciplinary review of the scientific literature
Sundell, J., Levin, H., Nazaroff, W. W., Cain, W. S., Fisk, W. J., Grimsrud, D. T., Gyntelberg, F., Li, Y., Persily, A. K., Pickering, A. C., et al. (2011) · Indoor Air · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0668.2010.00703.x · Cited by 740
Self-citationHamner, L., Dubbel, P., Capron, I., Ross, A., Jordan, A., Lee, J., Lynn, J., Ball, A., Narwal, S., Russell, S., et al. (2020) · MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report · doi:10.15585/mmwr.mm6919e6 · Cited by 633
Fisk, W. J. (2000) · Annual Review of Energy and the Environment · doi:10.1146/annurev.energy.25.1.537 · Cited by 557
Rocklöv, J., Sjödin, H., & Wilder-Smith, A. (2020) · Journal of Travel Medicine · doi:10.1093/jtm/taaa030 · Cited by 471
Coronavirus Disease Outbreak in Call Center, South Korea
Park, S. Y., Kim, Y.-M., Yi, S., Lee, S., Na, B.-J., Kim, C. B., Kim, J.-I., Kim, H. S., Kim, Y. B., Park, Y., et al. (2020) · Emerging Infectious Diseases · doi:10.3201/eid2608.201274 · Cited by 467
High population densities catalyse the spread of COVID-19
Rocklöv, J., & Sjödin, H. (2020) · Journal of Travel Medicine · doi:10.1093/jtm/taaa038 · Cited by 415
Geng, Y., Ji, W., Wang, Z., Lin, B., & Zhu, Y. (2019) · Energy and Buildings · doi:10.1016/j.enbuild.2018.11.017 · Cited by 324
Mizumoto, K., & Chowell, G. (2020) · Infectious Disease Modelling · doi:10.1016/j.idm.2020.02.003 · Cited by 313
Research works printed but not linked: 4
- China NHC (National Health Commission of the People’s Republic of China) 2020. Transcript of press conference on 11 February 2020.http://www.nhc.gov.cn/xcs/s3574/202002/53900c60791041e09070bca8f40f93ac.shtml
- Li XH, 2020, Public Prevention Guidelines of Infection due to the Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia (In Chinese, 新型冠状病毒感染的肺炎公众防护指南)
- WHO (World Health Organization), 2018, WHO Housing and Health Guidelines
- Anonymous, 2018, The right to a healthy home, Lancet, 392, 2414, 10.1016/S0140-6736(18)33113-1 · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(18)33113-1
Cited by
Kucharski, A. J., Klepac, P., Conlan, A. J. K., Kissler, S. M., Tang, M. L., Fry, H., Gog, J. R., Edmunds, W. J., Emery, J. C., Medley, G., et al. (2020) · The Lancet Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1016/s1473-3099(20)30457-6 · Cited by 900
The Lancet Commission on lessons for the future from the COVID-19 pandemic
Sachs, J. D., Karim, S. S. A., Aknin, L., Allen, J., Brosbøl, K., Colombo, F., Barron, G. C., Espinosa, M. F., Gaspar, V., Gaviria, A., et al. (2022) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(22)01585-9 · Cited by 842
COVID-19 and Public Transportation: Current Assessment, Prospects, and Research Needs
Tirachini, A., & Cats, O. (2020) · Journal of Public Transportation · doi:10.5038/2375-0901.22.1.1 · Cited by 781
Miller, S. L., Nazaroff, W. W., Jimenez, J. L., Boerstra, A., Buonanno, G., Dancer, S. J., Kurnitski, J., Marr, L. C., Morawska, L., & Noakes, C. (2021) · Indoor Air · doi:10.1111/ina.12751 · Cited by 734
Probable airborne transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in a poorly ventilated restaurant
Li, Y., Qian, H., Hang, J., Chen, X., Cheng, P., Ling, H., Wang, S., Liang, P., Li, J., Xiao, S., et al. (2021) · Building and Environment · doi:10.1016/j.buildenv.2021.107788 · Cited by 689
Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Qian, H., Miao, T., Liu, L., Zheng, X., Luo, D., & Li, Y.
- Venue
- Indoor Air
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2020-11-20
- Volume
- 31
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 639-645
- ISSN
- 0905-6947 (ISSN-L)
- 1600-0668
- OpenAlex
- W3096227606
- Cited by
- 549
- References
- 19
- FWCI
- 54.06
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- Licence
- onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor)
- doi.wiley.com/10.1002/tdm_license_1.1 (tdm)
- Funders
- National Natural Science Foundation of China (41977370)
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Indoor transmission of SARS‐CoV‐2. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1111/ina.12766
- The paper
- Qian, H., Miao, T., Liu, L., Zheng, X., Luo, D., & Li, Y. (2021). Indoor transmission of SARS‐CoV‐2. Indoor Air. https://doi.org/10.1111/ina.12766
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
