Cited by 657Maternal and Perinatal Health InterventionsMaternal Mental Health During Pregnancy and PostpartumMaternal and Neonatal Healthcare

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A Negative Birth Experience: Prevalence and Risk Factors in a National Sample

Waldenström, Ulla, Hildingsson, Ingegerd, Rubertsson, Christine, Rådestad, Ingela·2004·Birth

DOI 10.1111/j.0730-7659.2004.0270.x

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Abstract

Background A woman's dissatisfaction with the experience of labor and birth may affect her emotional well-being and willingness to have another baby. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence and risk factors of a negative birth experience in a national sample. Methods A longitudinal cohort study of 2541 women recruited from all antenatal clinics in Sweden during 3 weeks spread over 1 year was conducted. Data were collected by three questionnaires, which measured women's global experience of labor and birth 1 year after the birth, and obtained information on possible risk factors during pregnancy and 2 months after the birth. Results Seven percent of the women had a negative birth experience. The following risk factors were found: (1) factors related to unexpected medical problems, such as emergency operative delivery, induction, augmentation of labor, and infant transfer to neonatal care; (2) factors related to the woman's social life, such as unwanted pregnancy and lack of support from partner; (3) factors related to the woman's feelings during labor, such as pain and lack of control; and (4) factors that may be easier to influence by the caregivers, such as insufficient time allocated to the woman's own questions at antenatal checkups, lack of support during labor, and administration of obstetric analgesia. Conclusions Many risk factors were related to unexpected medical problems and participants' social background. Of the established methods to improve women…

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“…their newborn admitted in NICU, (2) experienced a stillbirth, and/or (3) had an emergency or planned cesarean birth due to potential negative feelings secondary to unexpected or traumatic experiences (Sadler et al., 2001; Soet, Brack, & Dilorio, 2003; Waldenstrom, 1998; Waldenstrom et al., 2004).”
BackgroundResultInfluential
The lived experience of mothers who give birth after induction of labour in hospital settings in Southern Ethiopia: a phenomenological study
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“30,31 Lack of professional support during labor, feelings of being neglected, and non-shared decision-making are known risk factors for a negative childbirth experience, 32 which could have long-lasting consequences.”
Pharmacological pain relief and women´s birth experience: a systematic review
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“…for a negative birth experience, eight studies included women with labour epidural analgesia [13, 61, 62, 65, 66, 68, 71, 73], two studies used unspecified pharmacological pain management [69, 72], one study used Haloperidol and Pethidine [64], and three studies offered Nitrous Oxide [13, 61, 63].”
Influential
Analysis of Maternity Rights Perception: Impact of Maternal Care in Diverse Socio-Health Contexts
Silva-Fernández, C. S., Camacho, P. A., de la Calle, M., Arribas, S. M., Garrosa, E., & Ramiro‐Cortijo, D. (2025) · European Journal of Investigation in Health Psychology and Education · doi:10.3390/ejihpe15020010 · Cited by 3
“In Swedish women, emergency, but not elective, C-section was associated with a negative experience of labor (Waldenström et al., 2004).”
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Is Oxytocin Administration During Childbirth Associated With Increased Risk for Postpartum Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms?
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Equal Alternatives or Lower Standards for Immigrant Women—Analyzing Obstetric Care for Immigrant Women in Berlin Within the Framework of Cultural Health Capital
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A Validation study of Korea Version of Birth Satisfaction Scale
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“Also, this study is agreement with study made in, (2004) which indicates that (7%) of the sample had a passive birth experience that concern to many factors such as (Induction, Augmentation of labor, transfer of infant to neonatal care, unwanted pregnancy, loss of control, and take of obstetric analgesia.(8) Furthermo…”
Result
Evaluation of an Amharic-Language translation of Continuity of Care Satisfaction Tool among Postnatal Mothers in EthiopiaPreprint
Hailemeskel, S., Alemu, K., Christensson, K., Tesfahun, E., & Lindgren, H. (2021) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-151778/v1 · Cited by 2
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“Related to the mental health of women who have given birth, some investigations (4,5) shown that mothers with a positive experience of their birth had a great sense of accomplishment, self-esteem, and self-confidence.”
Background
Mothers Satisfied From Quality of Care Given During Cesarean Delivery in Public and Private Hospitals of Tabriz, Iran
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“At the subjective level, negative birth experiences, including drug interventions and caesarean sections (particularly emergency ones) for some women, and separation from one's baby (which is common during caesarean sections and still in some hospitals regardless) are major predictors of postpartum depression (Reynold…”
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Understanding parental bonding in the first two years after birth: exploring family predictors using growth mixture modeling
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From Mind to Maternity: The Reason for Silent Struggle Behind Fear of Chilbirth
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Impact of expectation, catastrophizing, and self-compassion on labour pain experiences among Portuguese women.
Vieira, D., Lapa, T., Correia, A., Cunha, Y., Cruz, M., Rodrigues, A., Marques, P., Sa, S., Cruz, D., Portela, R., et al. (2025) · Journal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology · doi:10.1080/02646838.2025.2569764 · Cited by 1
Satisfaction with Maternity Care Among Immigrant Women, Refugee Women and Non-immigrant Women: Results of the Pregnancy and Obstetric Care for Refugees (PROREF) Cross-Sectional Study
Seidel, V., Teschemacher, L., Breckenkamp, J., Borde, T., David, M., Abou‐Dakn, M., & Henrich, W. (2025) · Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities · doi:10.1007/s40615-025-02529-z
“…woman’s feelings during labor, such as pain and lack of control; and (4) factors that may be easier to influence by the caregivers, such as insufficient time allocated to the woman’s own questions at antenatal checkups, lack of support during labor, and administration of obstetric analgesia [37].”
Influential
The Childbirth Experience of Pregnant Women Living with HIV Virus
de Azevedo, A. P., Castro, L., Hofer, C., & Rego, F. (2025) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm14061975 · Cited by 1
Rethinking Experiences of Birth in Our Operating Theatre (REBOOT): A Qualitative Study of Patient and Staff Experiences of Birth in the Operating Theatre
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Comparing the Experiences of Parturient Women With Remifentanil Analgesia and Elective Cesarean Section and Providing Improver Strategies: A Sequential Explanatory Mixed Method Study
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Authors: Waldenström, U., Hildingsson, I., Rubertsson, C., & Rådestad, I.
Affiliations: Karolinska Institutet (SE)
Mälardalen University (SE)
ORCID: Waldenström, Ulla
Hildingsson, Ingegerd
Rubertsson, Christine
Venue: Birth
Publisher: Wiley
Published: 2004-03
Volume: 31
Issue: 1
Pages: 17-27
ISSN: 0730-7659 (ISSN-L)
1523-536X
DOI: 10.1111/j.0730-7659.2004.0270.x
OpenAlex: W2065036734
Cited by: 657
References: 0
Citations by year: 2026: 16 · 2025: 32 · 2024: 27 · 2023: 37 · 2022: 54 · 2021: 34 · 2020: 50 · 2019: 36 · 2018: 44 · 2017: 26 · 2016: 32 · 2015: 30 · 2014: 24 · 2013: 35 · 2012: 23
FWCI: 18.70
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor, 18 d)
Locations: Birth (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Lund University Publications (Lund University) (submittedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Obstetrics and Gynecology › Maternal and Perinatal Health Interventions
Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Maternal Mental Health During Pregnancy and Postpartum
Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Maternal and Neonatal Healthcare
Keywords: negative birth experience, childbirth satisfaction, risk factors, labor induction, labor augmentation, neonatal transport, unwanted pregnancy, partner support, labor pain, prenatal care, obstetric analgesia, childbirth education, maternal emotional well-being
MeSH terms: Adult, Female, Humans, Infant, Newborn, Labor, Obstetric, Longitudinal Studies, Maternal Health Services, Maternal Welfare, Mothers, Pain, Personal Satisfaction, Pregnancy, Surveys and Questionnaires, Regression Analysis, Risk Factors, Sweden, Time Factors, Cohort Studies, Prevalence, Delivery, Obstetric

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A Negative Birth Experience: Prevalence and Risk Factors in a National Sample

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