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Evaluation of the penetration of 5‐aminolevulinic acid through basal cell carcinoma: a pilot study
Abstract
Abstract: Aminolevulinic acid (ALA) is a charged, hydrophilic molecule that penetrates poorly through cellular structures. This property has been implicated in the poor clinical response of non‐superficial basal cell carcinomas (BCCs) to photodynamic therapy (PDT). Release of ALA hydrochloride from a 20% w/w formulation was found to be incomplete and that approximately 36.8% of the total dose is released during the application period of 4 h. Using scintillation spectroscopy and a precise tissue sectioning protocol, it was demonstrated that depths of penetration of at least 2 mm from the lesion surface had been reached. Using cumulative stratal ALA concentrations, it was found that 10% of the total applied dose permeated into the lesion. In spite of this, comparisons drawn with photodynamic concentrations used in tissue culture work reported elsewhere revealed that estimations of the ALA concentration at 2 mm were sufficient to elicit a possible therapeutic response. Results from this work question the reasons given for poor outcomes of PDT in nodular BCC based solely on depth as a hindering factor.
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“In terms of topical ALA administration it should be emphasized that due to the fact that stratum corneum is the most important barrier for ALA skin penetration, the PpIX fluorescence is observed only at a depth of 0.3 to 0.6 mm [56,57,58].”
From Aminolevulinic Acid (ALA) as a Prodrug in Photodynamic Therapy of Cancer (2011) · cites this paper as [58]
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Aminolevulinic Acid (ALA) as a Prodrug in Photodynamic Therapy of Cancer
Wachowska, M., Muchowicz, A., Firczuk, M., Gabrysiak, M., Winiarska, M., Wańczyk, M., Bojarczuk, K., & Golab, J. (2011) · Molecules · doi:10.3390/molecules16054140 · Cited by 265
Yang, J., Xia, Y., Liu, X., Jiang, S., & Xiong, L. (2010) · Lasers in Medical Science · doi:10.1007/s10103-009-0721-0 · Cited by 28
Metadata
- Authors
- Ahmadi, S., McCarron, P. A., Donnelly, R. F., Woolfson, A. D., & McKenna, K.
- Affiliations
- Belfast City Hospital (GB)
- Queen's University Belfast (GB)
- Corresponding author
- McCarron, Paul A.
- Venue
- Experimental Dermatology
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2004-06-25
- Volume
- 13
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 445-451
- ISSN
- 0906-6705 (ISSN-L)
- 1600-0625
- OpenAlex
- W2045947924
- Cited by
- 55
- References
- 2
- Citations by year
- 2024: 2 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 2 · 2013: 2 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 2.65
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Experimental Dermatology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research Portal (Queen's University Belfast) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Dermatology › Nonmelanoma Skin Cancer Studies
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cancer Research › Photodynamic Therapy Research Studies
- Life Sciences › Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics › Pharmaceutical Science › Advancements in Transdermal Drug Delivery
- Keywords
- 5-aminolevulinic acid, basal cell carcinoma, photodynamic therapy, drug penetration depth, topical drug delivery, nodular basal cell carcinoma
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Aminolevulinic Acid, Biopsy, Carcinoma, Basal Cell, Basal Cell Carcinoma, Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid, Dermatologic Agents, Diffusion, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Ointments, Paraffin, Photochemotherapy, Pilot Projects, Silicic Acid, Skin Neoplasms, Spectrophotometry, Time Factors, Cryopreservation, Drug Delivery Systems
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