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The tenth skeletal specimen of Archaeopteryx
Open accessAbstract
We describe the tenth skeletal specimen of the Upper Jurassic Archaeopterygidae. The almost complete and well-preserved skeleton is assigned to Archaeopteryx siemensii Dames, 1897 and provides significant new information on the osteology of the Archaeopterygidae. As is evident from the new specimen, the palatine of Archaeopteryx was tetraradiate as in non-avian theropods, and not triradiate as in other avians. Also with respect to the position of the ectopterygoid, the data obtained from the new specimen lead to a revision of a previous reconstruction of the palate of Archaeopteryx. The morphology of the coracoid and that of the proximal tarsals is, for the first time, clearly visible in the new specimen. The new specimen demonstrates the presence of a hyperextendible second toe in Archaeopteryx. This feature is otherwise known only from the basal avian Rahonavis and deinonychosaurs (Dromaeosauridae and Troodontidae), and its presence in Archaeopteryx provides additional evidence for a close relationship between deinonychosaurs and avians. The new specimen also shows that the first toe of Archaeopteryx was not fully reversed but spread medially, supporting previous assumptions that Archaeopteryx was only facultatively arboreal. Finally, we comment on the taxonomic composition of the Archaeopterygidae and conclude that Archaeopteryx bavarica Wellnhofer, 1993 is likely to be a junior synonym of A. siemensii, and Wellnhoferia grandis Elżanowski, 2001 a junior synonym of A. lithographica von Meyer, 1861.
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“All non-avian theropods, and the first bird Archaeopteryx, lack a reversed hallux [20].”
From Assessing Arboreal Adaptations of Bird Antecedents: Testing the Ecological Setting of the Origin of the Avian Flight Stroke (2011) · cites this paper as [20]
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“This would be particularly acute in non-avian theropod like Microraptor, given the lack of a reversed hallux to aid in securing a purchase [19], [20].”
From Assessing Arboreal Adaptations of Bird Antecedents: Testing the Ecological Setting of the Origin of the Avian Flight Stroke (2011) · cites this paper as [20]
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Metadata
- Authors
- MAYR, G., POHL, B., HARTMAN, S., & PETERS, D. S.
- Affiliations
- Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum Frankfurt/M (DE)
- ORCID
- HARTMAN, SCOTT
- Venue
- Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2007-01
- Volume
- 149
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 97-116
- ISSN
- 0024-4082 (ISSN-L)
- 1096-3642
- OpenAlex
- W2024552857
- Cited by
- 149
- References
- 37
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 16 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 11 · 2012: 6
- FWCI
- 5.83
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society (publishedVersion)
- Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Paleontology › Paleontology and Evolutionary Biology
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Paleontology › Evolution and Paleontology Studies
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics › Fossil Insects in Amber
- Keywords
- osteology, ectopterygoid, coracoid process, tarsal bones, avian origin, arboreality, junior synonym, Late Jurassic
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