Cited by 385Quantum Dots Synthesis And PropertiesNanoparticles: synthesis and applicationsPhotodynamic Therapy Research Studies

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 31 of the 31 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

On the Cyto‐Toxicity Caused by Quantum Dots

Shiohara, Amane, Hoshino, Akiyoshi, Hanaki, Ken‐ichi, Suzuki, Kazuo, Yamamoto, Kenji·2004·Microbiology and Immunology

DOI 10.1111/j.1348-0421.2004.tb03478.x

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Quantum dots (QDs) such as CdSe QDs have been introduced as new fluorophores. The QDs conjugated with antibody are starting to be widely used for immunostaining. However there is still not sufficient analysis of the toxicity of QDs in the literature. Therefore we evaluated the cell damage caused by the quantum dots for biological applications. We performed cell viability assay to determine the difference in cell damage depending on the sizes and colors of mercapto‐undecanoic acid (MUA) QDs and the cell types. The results showed that the cell viability decreased with increasing concentration of MUA‐QDs. But in the case of Vero cell (African green monkey's kidney cell) with red fluorescence QD (QD640), the cell damage was less than for the others. Furthermore through the flow cytometry assay we found that this cell damage caused by MUA‐QD turned out to be cell death after 4‐6‐hr incubation. From the two assays described above, we found that there is a range of concentration of MUA‐QDs where the cell viability decreased without cell death occurring and thus we conclude that attention should be given when MUA‐QDs are applied to living organisms even in low concentrations.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1111/j.1348-0421.2004.tb03478.x

Cites

31 of 31 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Rapid colorimetric assay for cellular growth and survival: Application to proliferation and cytotoxicity assays
Mosmann, T. (1983) · Journal of Immunological Methods · doi:10.1016/0022-1759(83)90303-4 · Cited by 56,104
Statistical-mechanical theory of irreversible processes. I. general theory and simple applications to magnetic and conduction problems
Kubo, R. (1957) · Journal of the Physical Society of Japan · doi:10.1143/jpsj.12.570 · Cited by 9,441
Synthesis and characterization of nearly monodisperse CdE (E = sulfur, selenium, tellurium) semiconductor nanocrystallites
Murray, C. B., Norris, D. J., & Bawendi, M. G. (1993) · Journal of the American Chemical Society · doi:10.1021/ja00072a025 · Cited by 9,334
Semiconductor Nanocrystals as Fluorescent Biological Labels
Bruchez, M. P., Moronne, M. M., Gin, P., Weiss, S., & Alivisatos, A. P. (1998) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.281.5385.2013 · Cited by 8,614
Quantum Dot Bioconjugates for Ultrasensitive Nonisotopic Detection
Chan, W. C. W., & Nie, S. (1998) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.281.5385.2016 · Cited by 7,284
(CdSe)ZnS Core−Shell Quantum Dots: Synthesis and Characterization of a Size Series of Highly Luminescent Nanocrystallites
Dabbousi, B. O., Rodriguez-Viejo, J., Mikulec, F. V., Heine, J. R., Mattoussi, H., Ober, R., Jensen, K. F., & Bawendi, M. G. (1997) · The Journal of Physical Chemistry B · doi:10.1021/jp971091y · Cited by 4,229
In Vivo Imaging of Quantum Dots Encapsulated in Phospholipid Micelles
Dubertret, B., Skourides, P., Norris, D. J., Noireaux, V., Brivanlou, A. H., & Libchaber, A. (2002) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1077194 · Cited by 3,019
Synthesis and Characterization of Strongly Luminescing ZnS-Capped CdSe Nanocrystals
Hines, M. A., & Guyot‐Sionnest, P. (1996) · The Journal of Physical Chemistry · doi:10.1021/jp9530562 · Cited by 2,915
Electroluminescence from single monolayers of nanocrystals in molecular organic devices
Coe-Sullivan, S. A., Woo, W.-K., Bawendi, M. G., & Bulović, V. (2002) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature01217 · Cited by 2,609
Immunofluorescent labeling of cancer marker Her2 and other cellular targets with semiconductor quantum dots
Wu, X., Liu, H., Liu, J., Haley, K. N., Treadway, J. A., Larson, J., Ge, N., Peale, F., & Bruchez, M. P. (2002) · Nature Biotechnology · doi:10.1038/nbt764 · Cited by 2,506

Show all 31 references

Sorted by citations

Items 301–384 of 384

Modulation of Oxygen-Dependent and Oxygen-Independent Metabolism of Neutrophilic Granulocytes by Quantum Points
Плескова, С. Н., & Равилевна, М. Э. (2011) · Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine · doi:10.1007/s10517-011-1359-z · Cited by 4
Enhancement of near-infrared emission of neodymium-doped monoclinic gadolinium phosphate nanophosphors by surface coating with calcium phosphate
Watanabe, M., Yamamoto, N., Matsuo, T., Oka, R., Ida, S., & Masui, T. (2019) · Journal of Asian Ceramic Societies · doi:10.1080/21870764.2019.1673138 · Cited by 4
“a ZnS shell is coated with a CdSe core has been proposed, it is difficult to completely suppress Cd elution [5,12].”
Background
Nanoparticles in Construction Industry and Their Toxicity
Santhosh, G., & Nayaka, G. P. (2021) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-76073-1_8 · Cited by 4
Environmental and Safety Issues With Nanoparticles
(2018) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-444-64110-6.00007-x · Cited by 4
Fluorescence loss of commercial aqueous quantum dots during preparation for bioimaging
Lee, K. H., Porter, T., & Winter, J. O. (2019) · MRS Communications · doi:10.1557/mrc.2019.41 · Cited by 4
Quantum Dots as Biomarker
Boissière, M. (2012) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4471-4213-3_3 · Cited by 4
Toxicity and safety aspects of nanoparticle spread in third generation photovoltaic device processing environments
Sadeghimakki, B., Zheng, Y., Jahed, N. M. S., et al. (2015) · Conference record of the IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference · doi:10.1109/pvsc.2015.7356390 · Cited by 4
Design and Properties of Fluorescence Reporters
(2008) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4020-9003-5_4 · Cited by 4
From Photoluminescence Optimization to Green LED Fabrication: The Role of Molar Precursor Ratio in Carbon Dots
Trapani, D. D., Saiano, F., Boninelli, S., et al. (2026) · Materials · doi:10.3390/ma19040687 · Cited by 3
“These substances pose a significant health risk to living beings due to their cytotoxicity [22].”
Nanomaterials in Civil Engineering
Lee, J., Lee, S., Chung, E., Reyes, V. C., & Mahendra, S. (2013) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-20595-8_29 · Cited by 3
Quantum Dot Imaging of Neural Cells and Tissue
Vu, T. Q., & Rajan, S. S. (2011) · Fundamental biomedical technologies · doi:10.1007/978-0-387-31296-5_7 · Cited by 3
Nanotherapeutics Magic Bullets- a Boon or Bane to Human Health
Gauri, B. (2012) · Journal of Nanomedicine & Nanotechnology · doi:10.4172/2157-7439.1000142 · Cited by 3
Labeling and imaging of GLUT4 in live L6 cells with quantum dots
Wang, X., Qu, F., Chen, Z., Liang, T., & Qu, A. (2009) · Biochemistry and Cell Biology · doi:10.1139/o09-041 · Cited by 3
“The cytotoxicity of QDs has caused extensive concern recently (Colvin 2003; Shiohara et al. 2004; Gao et al. 2005; Lovrić et al. 2005).”
Background
Core-shell Semiconductor Nanocrystals: Effect of Composition, Size, Surface Coatings on their Optical Properties, Toxicity and Pharmacokinetics
Al-Jamal, W. T. (2016) · Current Pharmaceutical Design · doi:10.2174/1381612822666161026164920 · Cited by 3
“However, other factors including cell type [42], QD size [121], and QD exposure to oxygen and UV light [4] were also found to influence QD cytotoxicity.”
Background
Nanomaterials and Human Health
Tekmen, S., & Öksüz, S. (2021) · Environmental chemistry for a sustainable world · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-63241-0_2 · Cited by 3
Progress of Nanobiomaterials for Theranostic Systems
Gyawali, D., Palmer, M., Tran, R. T., & Yang, J. Y. (2012) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781118523025.ch14 · Cited by 3
Toxicity and Environmental Risks of Nanomaterials: An Update
Ray, P. C., Singh, A., Senapati, D., Fan, Z., & Yu, H. (2013) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781118451915.ch42 · Cited by 3
Toxicology and Biosafety Evaluations of Quantum Dots
Lin, P., Yang, R. S. H., Yang, C., Lin, C., & Chang, L. W. (2010) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9783527610419.ntls0202 · Cited by 3
Quantum Dots for Cancer Imaging
Xiao, Y., & Gao, X. (2010) · Nanotechnologies for the Life Sciences · doi:10.1002/9783527610419.ntls0191 · Cited by 3
Quantum dot800-poly(ethylene glycol)-c(Arg-Gly-Asp-d-Tyr-Lys)
Leung, K. (2011) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · Cited by 2
Oxidative Damage of Brain Induced by Nano-CdSeS in Mice
Yang, S. Y., Ye, R., Cai, W. J., et al. (2013) · Advanced materials research · doi:10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.669.316 · Cited by 2
Biomedical applications of single-particle based material: quantum dots
Ankit, S., Thakur, S., & Sharma, S. (2022) · International Journal of Radiology & Radiation Therapy · doi:10.15406/ijrrt.2022.09.00334 · Cited by 2
Fluorescent Inorganic Particles in Nanoscale World
Demchenko, A. P. (2020) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-60155-3_7 · Cited by 2
The Biological Basis of Experimental Toxicity of Jet Propulsion Fuel–8
Wong, S. S., & Witten, M. L. (2006) · CRC Press eBooks · doi:10.1201/b14139-14 · Cited by 2
The Toxicological Effects of Engineered Nanoparticles, Quantum Dots, in Estuarine Fish
Blickley, T. M. (2010) · DukeSpace (Duke University) · Cited by 2
3.28 Fluorescence Based Intracellular Probes ☆
Bhattacharyya, S., & Ducheyne, P. (2017) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-803581-8.10211-5 · Cited by 1
Annexin A5-quantum dot-DTPA-gadolinium
Leung, K. (2008) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · Cited by 1
QD800-Anti-epidermal growth factor receptor monoclonal antibody nanoparticles
Leung, K. (2013) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · Cited by 1
Novel Surface Processing with Sulfonic Acid for Quantum Dot and Its Characteristics
Shiohara, A., Manabe, N., Omata, K., et al. (2006) · JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING OF JAPAN · doi:10.1252/jcej.39.52 · Cited by 1
Self-citation
Novel Quantum Dots for Enhanced Tumor Imaging
Nair, A., Shen, J., Thevenot, P., et al. (2008) · IEEE Conference on Nanotechnology (IEEE NANO) · doi:10.1109/nano.2008.197 · Cited by 1
“In addition the cytotoxicity of these particles is a concern.(2,3)”
Background
Nanoscale Fluorescence Emitters
Demchenko, A. P. (2015) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-20780-3_5 · Cited by 1
Silicon Nanoparticles for Biophotonics
Swihart, M. T. (2007) · CRC Press eBooks · doi:10.1201/9781420004441.ch4 · Cited by 1
Characterizing physical properties and in vivo OCT imaging study of Cu-Sn-S nanocrystals
Liang, Y., Liu, L., Hu, S., et al. (2017) · AIP Advances · doi:10.1063/1.4973731 · Cited by 1
Preparation of Silvered Colloidal Compositions for Nanocosmetic Drugs
Mofa, N. N., Zhapekova, A., Садыков, Б. С., et al. (2020) · Eurasian Chemico-Technological Journal · doi:10.18321/ectj925 · Cited by 1
Environmental and safety issues with nanoparticles
(2012) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-444-56336-1.50007-2 · Cited by 1
A Comparative Study of Water Dispersible Orange-Emitting Mn-Doped ZnSe/ZnS and CdTe/CdS Core/Shell Quantum Dots
Aboulaich, A., Merlin, C., & Schneider, R. (2021) · Journal of Nanotechnology in Diagnosis and Treatment · doi:10.12974/2311-8792.2021.07.1 · Cited by 1
Studies on Benzylidene/Dibenzylidene Thiosemicarbazide Complexes of Zn(II), Cd(II) and Hg(II): Single Source Precursor in Pyrolytic Synthesis of Quantum Dots
(2017) · Chemical Science Transactions · doi:10.7598/cst2017.1415 · Cited by 1
Imaging with Bacteriophage-derived Probes
Deutscher, S. L., & Kelly, K. A. (2011) · Royal Society of Chemistry eBooks · doi:10.1039/bk9780854041848-00083 · Cited by 1
Nanomedicines in the Treatment of Skin Diseases
Anwar, M., Muhammad, F., Akhtar, B., Fatima, S., Khan, H., & Chou, C.-C. (2023) · Learning materials in biosciences · doi:10.1007/978-981-99-7626-3_9 · Cited by 1
Quantum Dots
Hotz, C. Z. (2008) · Springer protocols handbooks/Springer protocols · doi:10.1007/978-1-60327-375-6_39 · Cited by 1
Impact of Various Nanosystems on Stem Cell Physiology
Orza, A. I. (2014) · doi:10.1002/9781118856017.ch17 · Cited by 1
Spherical and Anisotropic Silica Shell Nanomaterials
Lai, C., Hsiao, J., Chen, Y., et al. (2009) · Nanotechnologies for the Life Sciences · doi:10.1002/9783527610419.ntls0159 · Cited by 1
Pontos quânticos semicondutores sintetizados via soluções coloidais aquosas: estudos e aplicações nanobiotecnológicas
Silva, A. (2014) · doi:10.14393/ufu.te.2014.45 · Cited by 1
Alternate Photovoltaic Material: Its Environmental Consequences
Kar, S., & Dey, S. (2019) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-803581-8.11052-5 · Cited by 1
Nanomedicine in Dermatology: Benefits and Emerging Applications
Saraceno, R., Chiricozzi, A., Botti, E., Gramiccia, T., Pietroleonardo, L., & Chimenti, S. (2012) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-29265-1_13
Toxicological studies of semiconductor quantum dots on immune cells.
Ricken, J., Rios, L., Poschet, J. F., Bachand, M., Bachand, G. D., Greene, A., & Carroll‐Portillo, A. (2008) · doi:10.2172/945919
Working Report on the Status Quo of Nanomaterials Impact on Health and Environment
Krug, H. (2019) · Arrow@dit (Dublin Institute of Technology) · doi:10.21427/bg7a-0e47
Nanosilver Detection and Digestion Method in Complex Matrix, such as in Juice and Milk
Wang, C. R., Ying, Y., & Ren, Q. Y. (2011) · Advanced materials research · doi:10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.236-238.1991
“It has been reported that different type s of nanoparticles can cause cytotoxicity and cross c ellular layers [17-21].”
Background
Characterization and Control of Molecular Contaminants on Oxide Nanoparticles and in Ultra High Purity Gas Delivery Systems for Semiconductor Manufacturing
Wang, H. (2013) · UA Campus Repository (The University of Arizona)
Synthesis of Cadmium SelenideQuantum Dots and Their Cytotoxicity
Liu, R. (2013)
Nanomaterials in the Construction Industry: A Review of Their Applications and Environmental Health and Safety
Lee, C., Mahendra, S., & Alvarez, P. J. J. (2010)
Zinc phthalocyanines and quantum dots conjugates: physical properties and photodynamic activity
Friedrich, T. (2013)
QD800-Polyethylene glycol-Cys-ZHER2:342 Affibody
Leung, K. (2012) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central)
Assembly of Nanomaterials using Polymers and Biomaterials: Sensing and Electronic Applications
Lee, J., Kotov, N. A., & Govorov, A. O. (2005) · MRS Proceedings · doi:10.1557/proc-0901-ra22-54-rb22-54
Multifunctional Quantum Dot-Based Nanoscale Modalities for Theranostic Applications
Tian, B. (2015) · Springer series in biomaterials science and engineering · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-48544-6_6
Nanotechnology and Trends in Drug Delivery Systems with Self-Assembled Carriers
Yamamoto, K. (2005) · CRC Press eBooks · doi:10.1201/9781420028621.ch2
Self-citation
Quantum Dot Modification and Cytotoxicity
Yamamoto, K., & Hoshino, A. (2008) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-008046325-4.00027-x
Self-citation
Applications of Quantum Dots for Fluorescence Imaging in Biomedical Research
Wang, S., Esfahani, M., Sarenac, D., et al. (2012) · WORLD SCIENTIFIC eBooks · doi:10.1142/9789814405522_0018
“1 mg/mL) of QDs, and smallersized QDs have been shown to have stronger effects on the death rate of exposed cells due to accumulation around the nucleus and their higher mobility inside the cell.(61) It has also been reported that the cell death rate is timedependent,(59) indicating that long-term cytotoxicity needs t…”
Background
Multimodal nanoparticles for image-guided delivery of mesenchymal stem cells in the treatment of myocardial infarction
Sweeney, S., Hoffman, E. A., Dove, E., Assouline, J. G., Lim, T. H., & Reinhardt, J. M. (2015) · doi:10.17077/etd.79qbol7j
Aqueous phase synthesis and functionalization of semiconductor quantum dots for biomedical applications
Wang, Y. (2015) · doi:10.32657/10356/65458
Development of Nanoparticles with Bifunctions of Fluorescence and Magnetic Resonance for Multi Modal Imaging
Isobe, T. (2010) · The Review of Laser Engineering · doi:10.2184/lsj.38.440
Development and the Application of Non-toxic Quantum Dots for Human Body
Yamamoto, K., & Kamino, K. (2008) · Journal of The Adhesion Society of Japan · doi:10.11618/adhesion.44.420
Self-citation
Cytotoxicity testing of bare CdSe quantum dots and their encapsulated structure
Kumari, A., & Singh, R. R. (2017) · AIP conference proceedings · doi:10.1063/1.4990302
Molecular Imaging
Crayton, S. H., Chen, A. K., Cheng, Z., & Tsourkas, A. (2011) · Comprehensive Biomaterials · doi:10.1016/b978-0-08-055294-1.00102-1
Intracellular Probes
Bhattacharyya, S., & Ducheyne, P. (2011) · Comprehensive Biomaterials · doi:10.1016/b978-0-08-055294-1.00117-3
The Role of Mitchondria in the Potential Hepatotoxicty Caused by Cadmium Telluride Quantum Dot Nanoparticles
Nguyen, K. (2016) · Carleton University's Institutional Repository (MacOdrum Library, Carleton University) · doi:10.22215/etd/2016-11312
A systematic in-vitro and in-vivo toxicity studies of aqueous quantum dots
Nguyen, T., & Shih, W. Y. (2011) · doi:10.17918/etd-3743
Nanotoxicology
Ma, Y., & Lin, W. (2009) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9780470744307.gat239
CdSe量子点对雄性泥鳅的毒性效应研究
吴, 源., 骆, 文., 江, 桂., et al. (2009) · Scientia Sinica Chimica · doi:10.1360/zb2009-39-10-1277
Silicon Nanoparticles for Biophotonics
Swihart, M. T. (2017) · CRC Press eBooks · doi:10.1201/9781315374581-16
Molar ratio precursor investigation: a simple route to fabricate unfiltered carbon dot-based electroluminescent devicesPreprint
Trapani, D., Saiano, F., Boninelli, S., et al. (2023) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-3202171/v1
Effects of Reaction Temperature and Cadmium Source on the Optical, Morphological and Cytotoxic Properties of CdSe/ZnSe Quantum Dots
Nkaule, A. N., Kiprotich, S., Brandt, L. B., et al. (2023) · ChemistrySelect · doi:10.1002/slct.202301962
Bioresorbable nanoceramics: novel and efficient drug delivery vehicles
Gulati, S., Kumar, S., Sharma, N., Goyal, K., & Agarwal, T. (2024) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-88654-3.00008-1
Recent Advances and Clinical Approach to Cancer Treatment with Nanotechnology Derived Biomolecule
Singh, A. P., Akhtar, W., Alam, S., & Naziya, N. (2024) · Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology · doi:10.2174/0122117385297455240508055620 · Cited by 1
Comparative Analysis of the Toxicity of Micro‐ and Nanoplastics along with Nanoparticles on the Ecosystem
Mohapatra, P., Shubhadarshinee, L., Jali, B. R., Barick, A. K., & Mohapatra, P. (2024) · doi:10.1002/9781394238163.ch18
Synthesis, characterization, and in-vitro bioimaging applications of green emissive AgInS2-based core multi and alloyed shell (AgInS2/CdS/ZnS and AgInS2/ZnS/CdS) nanocrystals
Renuga, V., Thangarasu, P., Mohanavel, V., et al. (2024) · Inorganic Chemistry Communications · doi:10.1016/j.inoche.2024.113264
Nanotechnology-based screening and diagnostic systems for dermatological conditions
Singh, M., Yadav, A. P., Singh, G., & Bigoniya, P. (2025) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-36326-9.00007-1
Multicolor Imaging with Fluorescent Proteins in Mice
Hoffman, R. M. (2009) · Reviews in fluorescence · doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-1260-2_11
Anti-α-Fetoprotein antibody-quantum dots
Leung, K. (2009)
Synthesis and optical spectroscopy of thick-shell semiconductor nanoparticles : applications to biological imaging
Nasilowski, M. (2015) · doi:10.70675/b74f0d0fz8271z43edz9bc0z7909d5e46a2a
Comparison of topical quercetin nanoformulations for skin protection
Hatahet, T. (2016) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/b6ae10d8z5202z41e1z9d8cz96bfc99f41e0
Tests de diagnostic immunologique rapides combinant des nanoparticules magnétiques et des micro-aimants structurés
Delshadi, S. (2017) · doi:10.70675/af2c3772z38efz4d2dza02az4433226f981a
Développement de bionansondes en biofonctionnalisant des boîtes quantiques (quantum dots) par des anticorps
Rousserie, G. (2012) · doi:10.70675/76a0416dz4dbez4083z9503zc8342738d560
Nanotechnological Applications of Peptide- and Protein-Based Therapeutics
Sharma, R., Yadav, K., Pal, S., Parihar, A., Kakar, S., & Dhiman, B. (2026) · Reference series in phytochemistry · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-69044-0_18-1

Authors: Shiohara, A., Hoshino, A., Hanaki, K., Suzuki, K., & Yamamoto, K.
Affiliations: National Institute of Infectious Diseases (JP)
Department of Medical Ecology and Informatics, Research Institute International Medical Center of Japan Shinjuku‐ku Tokyo 162‐8655 Japan
Corresponding author: Yamamoto, Kenji
ORCID: Hoshino, Akiyoshi
Hanaki, Ken‐ichi
Suzuki, Kazuo
Yamamoto, Kenji
Venue: Microbiology and Immunology
Publisher: Wiley
Published: 2004-09
Volume: 48
Issue: 9
Pages: 669-675
ISSN: 0385-5600 (ISSN-L)
1348-0421
DOI: 10.1111/j.1348-0421.2004.tb03478.x
OpenAlex: W2050289957
Semantic Scholar: ed1ee35465dc4e717235d9a635cb06e15cacd4ce
Cited by: 385
References: 31
Citations by year: 2026: 4 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 17 · 2016: 15 · 2015: 22 · 2014: 21 · 2013: 18 · 2012: 28
FWCI: 12.49
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor, 3361 d)
Locations: Microbiology and Immunology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Materials Chemistry › Quantum Dots Synthesis And Properties
Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Materials Chemistry › Nanoparticles: synthesis and applications
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cancer Research › Photodynamic Therapy Research Studies
Keywords: quantum dots, cytotoxicity, CdSe quantum dots, cell viability, cell death, Vero cells, immunostaining, nanoparticle toxicity
MeSH terms: Animals, Cadmium, Cell Survival, Chlorocebus aethiops, Flow Cytometry, Fluorescent Dyes, HeLa Cells, Humans, Selenium, Sulfhydryl Compounds, Vero Cells, Cell Death, Hepatocytes, Quantum Dots

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

On the Cyto‐Toxicity Caused by Quantum Dots

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks