The DOI matches its Crossref record.
Development of the Leeds Dependence Questionnaire (LDQ): a questionnaire to measure alcohol and opiate dependence in the context of a treatment evaluation package
Abstract
The Leeds Dependence Questionnaire (LDQ) has been developed as pan of a treatment evaluation package. The LDQ is a 10‐item, self completion questionnaire designed to measure dependence upon a variety of substances; it has been shown to be understood by users of alcohol and opiates. The questionnaire was designed to be sensitive to change over time and to be sensitive through the range from mild to severe dependence; the follow‐up data are insufficient to demonstrate change over time, but are encouraging. It is expected that both clinicians and researchers will find it useful to have a single measure relating to substance use, but not limited by specific substances. All items are scored 0‐1‐2‐3; there are no normative data. The procedure for establishing content validity is described and estimates of concurrent, discriminant and convergent validities are reported; these validities are thought to be satisfactory. A principal components analysis produced a single factor accounting for 64% of the variance. Cronbach's alpha was 0.94. Test‐retest reliability was found to be 0.95.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cited by
Reliability of the Timeline Followback for cocaine, cannabis, and cigarette use
Robinson, S. M., Sobell, L. C., Sobell, M. B., & Leo, G. I. (2014) · Psychology of Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1037/a0030992 · Cited by 699
Antidepressants for the treatment of people with co-occurring depression and alcohol dependence
Agabio, R., Trogu, E., & Pani, P. P. (2018) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd008581.pub2 · Cited by 131
Smout, M. F., Longo, M., Harrison, S., Minniti, R., Wickes, W., & White, J. M. (2010) · Substance Abuse · doi:10.1080/08897071003641578 · Cited by 129
Longo, M., Wickes, W., Smout, M., Harrison, S., Cahill, S., & White, J. M. (2010) · Addiction · doi:10.1111/j.1360-0443.2009.02717.x · Cited by 122
Wallace, P., Murray, E., McCambridge, J., Khadjesari, Z., White, I. R., Thompson, S. G., Kalaitzaki, E., Godfrey, C., & Linke, S. (2011) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0014740 · Cited by 114
Metadata
- Authors
- RAISTRICK, D., BRADSHAW, J., TOBER, G., WEINER, J., ALLISON, J., & HEALEY, C.
- Venue
- Addiction
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 1994-05
- Volume
- 89
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 563-572
- ISSN
- 0965-2140 (ISSN-L)
- 1360-0443
- OpenAlex
- W1964998192
- Cited by
- 293
- References
- 0
- FWCI
- 2.30
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Development of the Leeds Dependence Questionnaire (LDQ): a questionnaire to measure alcohol and opiate dependence in the context of a treatment evaluation package. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1111/j.1360-0443.1994.tb03332.x
- The paper
- RAISTRICK, D., BRADSHAW, J., TOBER, G., WEINER, J., ALLISON, J., & HEALEY, C. (1994). Development of the Leeds Dependence Questionnaire (LDQ): a questionnaire to measure alcohol and opiate dependence in the context of a treatment evaluation package. Addiction. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1360-0443.1994.tb03332.x
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
