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Challenging implicit and explicit alcohol-related cognitions in young heavy drinkers
Open accessAbstract
AIMS: To test whether an expectancy challenge (EC) changes implicit and explicit alcohol-related cognitions and binge drinking in young heavy drinkers. This is important for theoretical and practical reasons: the EC presents a critical test for the hypothesized mediational role of alcohol cognitions and the EC has been presented as a promising intervention to counter alcohol problems in heavy drinking youth. SETTING, PARTICIPANTS AND INTERVENTION: Ninety-two heavy drinking college and university students (half women) were assigned randomly to the EC or control condition (a sham alcohol experiment in the same bar-laboratory). MEASUREMENTS: Explicit alcohol cognitions and alcohol use were assessed with paper-and-pencil measures. Alcohol use was assessed prior to the experiment and during a 1-month follow-up. Implicit alcohol-related cognitions were assessed with two versions of the Implicit Association Test (IAT), adapted to assess implicit valence and arousal associations with alcohol. FINDINGS AND CONCLUSIONS: The EC resulted in decreased explicit positive arousal expectancies in men and women alike. There was some evidence for a differential reduction in implicit arousal associations, but findings depended on the version of the IAT and on the scoring-algorithm used. In men (but not in women) there was a short-lived differential reduction in prospective alcohol use (significant in week 3 of the follow-up), and this reduction was partially mediated by the decrease in explicit positive arousal expectancies. These findings suggest that an EC successfully changes explicit alcohol cognitions and that this may have short-lived beneficial effects in heavy drinking young men.
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“While 75% of the sample of 96 late adolescents met criteria for substance use problems, only one individual indicated to have a problem, Wiers et al., 2005).”
From Addiction, adolescence, and the integration of control and motivation (2011) · cites this paper as Wiers et al., 2005
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Metadata
- Authors
- Wiers, R. W., Van De Luitgaarden, J., Van Den Wildenberg, E., & Smulders, F. T. Y.
- Affiliations
- Maastricht University (NL)
- Venue
- Addiction
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2005-05-20
- Volume
- 100
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 806-819
- ISSN
- 0965-2140 (ISSN-L)
- 1360-0443
- OpenAlex
- W2077356105
- Cited by
- 238
- References
- 85
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 47 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 14 · 2012: 14
- FWCI
- 12.97
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Addiction (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research Publications (Maastricht University) (acceptedVersion, other-oa)
- Research Publications (Maastricht University) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Funders
- National Science Foundation
- Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Behavioral Health and Interventions
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Keywords
- alcohol-related cognitions, binge drinking, university students, Implicit Association Test, alcohol consumption reduction, mediation, sex differences
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Alcohol Drinking, Alcoholism, Association, Cognition, Female, Humans, Male, Motivation, Surveys and Questionnaires, Students
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