The clinical significance of ‘small’ effects of smoking cessation treatments
Open accessAbstract
The clinical significance of 'small' effects of smoking cessation treatments
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
A 24.4% quit rate for iCanQuit would yield a 20% higher impact compared to the 20.4% quit rate for QuitGuide; for every 25 adults who smoke, iCanQuit would result in one additional successful quitter compared to QuitGuide (number needed to treat = 25).
“Furthermore, a 24.4% quit rate for iCanQuit would yield a 20% higher impact compared to the 20.4% quit rate for QuitGuide. For every 25 adults who smoke, iCanQuit would result in one additional successful quitter compared to QuitGuide (number needed to treat = 25) [84].”
From Can an Acceptance and Commitment Therapy-Based Smartphone App Help Individuals with Mental Health Disorders Quit Smoking? (2024) · cites this paper as [84]
The Background states that a 4-percentage-point increase in smoking abstinence corresponds to a number needed to treat of 25. It does not report the iCanQuit or QuitGuide quit rates or their claimed 20% relative difference, so it supports the NNT calculation but not the study-specific figures. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Mortality in relation to smoking: 50 years' observations on male British doctors
Doll, R., Peto, R., Boreham, J., & Sutherland, I. (2004) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.38142.554479.ae · Cited by 2,920 · see citing works
Nicotine replacement therapy for smoking cessation
Stead, L. F., Perera, R., Bullen, C., Mant, D., Hartmann‐Boyce, J., Cahill, K., & Lancaster, T. (2012) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd000146.pub4 · Cited by 2,514 · see citing works
Physician advice for smoking cessation
Stead, L. F., Buitrago, D., Preciado, N., Sanchez, G., Hartmann-Boyce, J., & Lancaster, T. (2013) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd000165.pub4 · Cited by 1,955 · see citing works
Shape of the relapse curve and long-term abstinence among untreated smokers
Hughes, J. R., Keely, J., & Naud, S. (2004) · Addiction · doi:10.1111/j.1360-0443.2004.00540.x · Cited by 1,414 · see citing works
Antidepressants for smoking cessation
Howes, S., Hartmann-Boyce, J., Livingstone-Banks, J., Hong, B., & Lindson, N. (2020) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd000031.pub5 · Cited by 1,352 · see citing works
Mortality in relation to smoking: 40 years' observations on male British doctors
Doll, R., Peto, R., Wheatley, K., Gray, R., & Sutherland, I. (1994) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.309.6959.901 · Cited by 1,321 · see citing works
Outcome criteria in smoking cessation trials: proposal for a common standard
West, R., Hajek, P., Stead, L., & Stapleton, J. (2005) · Addiction · doi:10.1111/j.1360-0443.2004.00995.x · Cited by 1,285 · see citing works
Self-citationIndividual behavioural counselling for smoking cessation
Lancaster, T., & Stead, L. F. (2005) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd001292.pub2 · Cited by 1,015 · see citing works
Nicotine replacement therapy for smoking cessation
Silagy, C., Lancaster, T., Stead, L., Mant, D., & Fowler, G. (2004) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd000146.pub2 · Cited by 972 · see citing works
West, R., & Brown, J. (2013) · doi:10.1002/9781118484890 · Cited by 816 · see citing works
Self-citationTonstad, S. (2006) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.296.1.64 · Cited by 660 · see citing works
Antidepressants for smoking cessation
Hughes, J. R., Stead, L. F., & Lancaster, T. (2007) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd000031.pub3 · Cited by 567 · see citing works
Bias in published cost effectiveness studies: systematic review
Bell, C. M., Urbach, D. R., Ray, J. G., Bayoumi, A. M., Rosen, A. B., Greenberg, D., & Neumann, P. J. (2006) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.38737.607558.80 · Cited by 383 · see citing works
Smoking cessation and smoking patterns in the general population: a 1‐year follow‐up
West, R., McEwen, A., Bolling, K., & Owen, L. (2001) · Addiction · doi:10.1046/j.1360-0443.2001.96689110.x · Cited by 304 · see citing works
Self-citationPhysician advice for smoking cessation
Lancaster, T., & Stead, L. (2004) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd000165.pub2 · Cited by 275 · see citing works
Health effects of tobacco use and exposure.
Bartal, M. (2001) · PubMed · Cited by 125 · see citing works
Yudkin, P. L., Yudkin, K. H., Yudkin, S. R., Welch, S., Murphy, M., & Walton, R. (2003) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.327.7405.28 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Tobacco control: present and future
West, R. (2006) · British Medical Bulletin · doi:10.1093/bmb/ldl012 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Self-citation
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- Tonstad S., Tonnesen P., Hajek P., Williams K. E., Billing C. B., Reeves K. R. Effect of maintenance therapy with vareni- cline on smoking cessation: a randamized controlled trial. JAMA 2006; 296: 64-71.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Webb, T. L., Joseph, J., Yardley, L., & Michie, S. (2010) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/jmir.1376 · Cited by 2,517 · see citing works
Rollema, H., Coe, J. W., Chambers, L. K., Hurst, R. S., Stahl, S. M., & Williams, K. E. (2007) · Trends in Pharmacological Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tips.2007.05.003 · Cited by 400 · see citing works
Bricker, J. B., Mull, K. E., Kientz, J. A., Vilardaga, R., Mercer, L. D., Akioka, K. J., & Heffner, J. L. (2014) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2014.07.006 · Cited by 340 · see citing works
Online support for smoking cessation: a systematic review of the literature
Shahab, L., & McEwen, A. (2009) · Addiction · doi:10.1111/j.1360-0443.2009.02710.x · Cited by 275 · see citing works
Additional behavioural support as an adjunct to pharmacotherapy for smoking cessation
Hartmann-Boyce, J., Hong, B., Livingstone-Banks, J., Wheat, H., & Fanshawe, T. R. (2019) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd009670.pub4 · Cited by 186 · see citing works
Bricker, J. B., Bush, T., Zbikowski, S. M., Mercer, L. D., & Heffner, J. L. (2014) · Nicotine & Tobacco Research · doi:10.1093/ntr/ntu102 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
Kralikova, E., Kmetova, A., Stepankova, L., Zvolska, K., Davis, R., & West, R. (2013) · Addiction · doi:10.1111/add.12219 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Self-citationHeffner, J. L., Kelly, M. M., Waxmonsky, J., Mattocks, K., Serfozo, E., Bricker, J. B., Mull, K. E., Watson, N. L., & Ostacher, M. (2020) · Nicotine & Tobacco Research · doi:10.1093/ntr/ntz242 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Kwon, D. M., Santiago-Torres, M., Mull, K. E., Sullivan, B. M., Zvolensky, M. J., & Bricker, J. B. (2022) · Preventive Medicine Reports · doi:10.1016/j.pmedr.2022.101952 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Santiago-Torres, M., Mull, K. E., Sullivan, B. M., Prochaska, J. J., Zvolensky, M. J., & Bricker, J. B. (2024) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1155/2024/1055801 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
- Authors
- WEST, R.
- Affiliations
- Cancer Research UK (GB)
- Corresponding author
- WEST, ROBERT
- ORCID
- WEST, ROBERT
- Venue
- Addiction
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2007-03-12
- Volume
- 102
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 506-509
- ISSN
- 0965-2140 (ISSN-L)
- 1360-0443
- OpenAlex
- W1562781150
- Cited by
- 124
- References
- 18
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 3
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Addiction (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Smoking Behavior and Cessation
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Research
- Keywords
- smoking cessation, tobacco dependence treatment, small effect sizes, clinical significance
- MeSH terms
- Cost-Benefit Analysis, United Kingdom, Health Education, Health Promotion, Humans, Tobacco Use Disorder, Smoking Cessation
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
