A randomized clinical trial of methadone maintenance for prisoners: findings at 6 months post‐release
Open accessAbstract
Aims This study examined the effectiveness of methadone maintenance initiated prior to or just after release from prison at 6 months post‐release. Design A three‐group randomized controlled trial was conducted between September 2003 and June 2005. Setting A Baltimore pre‐release prison. Participants Two hundred and eleven adult pre‐release inmates who were heroin‐dependent during the year prior to incarceration. Intervention Participants were assigned randomly to the following: counseling only: counseling in prison, with passive referral to treatment upon release (n = 70); counseling + transfer: counseling in prison with transfer to methadone maintenance treatment upon release (n = 70); and counseling + methadone: methadone maintenance and counseling in prison, continued in a community‐based methadone maintenance program upon release (n = 71). Measurements Addiction Severity Index at study entry and follow‐up. Additional assessments at 6 months post‐release were treatment record review; urine drug testing for opioids, cocaine and other illicit drugs. Findings Counseling + methadone participants were significantly more likely than both counseling only and counseling + transfer participants to be retained in drug abuse treatment (P = 0.0001) and significantly less likely to have an opioid‐positive urine specimen compared to counseling only (P = 0.002). Furthermore, counseling + methadone participants reported significantly fewer days of involvement in self‐reported heroin use and criminal activity than counseling only participants. Conclusions Methadone maintenance, initiated prior to or immediately after release from prison, increases treatment entry and reduces heroin use at 6 months post‐release compared to counseling only. This intervention may be able to fill an urgent treatment need for prisoners with heroin addiction histories.
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Methadone and buprenorphine maintenance treatments are effective for opioid dependence in prison, jail, and community reentry settings.
“Evidence-based opioid-agonist maintenance therapies for opioid dependence (methadone and buprenorphine) are effective in prison, jail, and community reentry (i.e., parole) settings2–5 but have historically been unavailable or discouraged among criminal justice clients.6–8”
From Extended-release naltrexone to prevent opioid relapse in criminal justice offenders (2016) · cites this paper as [5]
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Self-citation
- Authors
- Gordon, M. S., Kinlock, T. W., Schwartz, R. P., & O’Grady, K. E.
- Affiliations
- Friends Research Institute (US)
- Open Society Foundations (US)
- University of Maryland, College Park (US)
- Corresponding author
- Gordon, Michael S.
- Venue
- Addiction
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2008-07-15
- Volume
- 103
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 1333-1342
- ISSN
- 0965-2140 (ISSN-L)
- 1360-0443
- PMC
- PMC2582162
- OpenAlex
- W2075214039
- Cited by
- 176
- References
- 51
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 20 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 12 · 2012: 8
- FWCI
- 11.21
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Addiction (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- Open Society Institute
- National Institute on Drug Abuse (R01DA016237, R01DA16237)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Opioid Use Disorder Treatment
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Criminal Justice and Corrections Analysis
- Keywords
- methadone maintenance treatment, heroin addiction, prisoners, post-release outcomes, treatment retention, opioid use, criminal activity, addiction treatment
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Counseling, Follow-Up Studies, Heroin Dependence, Humans, Male, Methadone, Middle Aged, Narcotics, Patient Acceptance of Health Care, Prisoners, Baltimore, Substance Abuse Treatment Centers, Outcome Assessment, Health Care
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