The DOI matches its Crossref record; 205 of the 205 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Too clean, or not too clean: the Hygiene Hypothesis and home hygiene
Open accessAbstract
Summary: The ‘hygiene hypothesis’ as originally formulated by Strachan, proposes that a cause of the recent rapid rise in atopic disorders could be a lower incidence of infection in early childhood, transmitted by unhygienic contact with older siblings. Use of the term ‘hygiene hypothesis’ has led to several interpretations, some of which are not supported by a broader survey of the evidence. The increase in allergic disorders does not correlate with the decrease in infection with pathogenic organisms, nor can it be explained by changes in domestic hygiene. A consensus is beginning to develop round the view that more fundamental changes in lifestyle have led to decreased exposure to certain microbial or other species, such as helminths, that are important for the development of immunoregulatory mechanisms. Although this review concludes that the relationship of the hypothesis to hygiene practice is not proven, it lends strong support to initiatives seeking to improve hygiene practice. It would however be helpful if the hypothesis were renamed, e.g. as the ‘microbial exposure’ hypothesis, or ‘microbial deprivation’ hypothesis, as proposed for instance by Bjorksten. Avoiding the term ‘hygiene’ would help focus attention on determining the true impact of microbes on atopic diseases, while minimizing risks of discouraging good hygiene practice.
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Cites
Hay fever, hygiene, and household size.
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Beasley, R. (1998) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(97)07302-9 · Cited by 3,389
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The Effect of Infections on Susceptibility to Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases
Bach, J.-F. (2002) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmra020100 · Cited by 2,687
Probiotics in primary prevention of atopic disease: a randomised placebo-controlled trial
Kalliomäki, M., Salminen, S., Arvilommi, H., Kero, P., Koskinen, P., & Isolauri, E. (2001) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(00)04259-8 · Cited by 2,432
Respiratory syncytial virus in early life and risk of wheeze and allergy by age 13 years
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Exposure to farming in early life and development of asthma and allergy: a cross-sectional survey
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Cited by
Prevalence and risk factors for allergic rhinitis in primary school children
Tamay, Z., Akcay, A., Ones, U., Guler, N., Kilic, G., & Zencir, M. (2007) · International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology · doi:10.1016/j.ijporl.2006.11.013 · Cited by 64
The hygiene hypothesis for allergy – conception and evolution
Perkin, M. R., & Strachan, D. P. (2022) · Frontiers in Allergy · doi:10.3389/falgy.2022.1051368 · Cited by 64
Liu, W., Cai, J., Huang, C., Hu, Y., Fu, Q., Zou, Z., Sun, C., Shen, L., Wang, X., Pan, J., et al. (2016) · Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.07.197 · Cited by 59
Helminth Induced Immunoregulation and Novel Therapeutic Avenue of Allergy
Ayelign, B., Akalu, Y., Teferi, B., Molla, M. D., & Shibabaw, T. (2020) · Journal of Asthma and Allergy · doi:10.2147/jaa.s273556 · Cited by 32
Tsekleves, E., De Souza, D., Pickup, R., Ahorlu, C., & Darby, A. (2022) · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-2354077/v1 · Cited by 10
Metadata
- Authors
- Bloomfield, S. F., Stanwell‐Smith, R., Crevel, R. W. R., & Pickup, J.
- Venue
- Clinical & Experimental Allergy
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2006-03-24
- Volume
- 36
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 402-425
- ISSN
- 0954-7894 (ISSN-L)
- 1365-2222
- OpenAlex
- W1976193559
- Cited by
- 278
- References
- 205
- FWCI
- 11.17
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
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- Bloomfield, S. F., Stanwell‐Smith, R., Crevel, R. W. R., & Pickup, J. (2006). Too clean, or not too clean: the Hygiene Hypothesis and home hygiene. Clinical & Experimental Allergy. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2222.2006.02463.x
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Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
