Associations of gestational and early life exposures to ambient air pollution with childhood atopic eczema in Shanghai, China
Abstract
Whether ambient air pollution is associated with childhood atopic eczema is controversial. In this paper, we selected 3358 preschool children who had not altered residences since pregnancy from a cross-sectional study during 2011-2012 in Shanghai, China, and obtained parent-reported data regarding childhood atopic eczema using an improved ISAAC questionnaire. We recorded daily concentrations of SO 2, NO 2, and PM 10 throughout the child's lifetime (2006-2012), and calculated period-averaged concentrations for each district where the child lived to represent the child's exposure levels of these pollutants during different periods. In the multiple logistic regression analyses adjusted for potential confounders as well as for the other pollutants in the same periods, childhood atopic eczema was significantly associated with increments of NO 2 in the approximate interquartile range (20μg/m 3) during gestational period (adjusted OR, 95% CI for eczema lifetime-ever: 1.80, 1.29-2.49; for eczema in the year prior to the survey: 2.32, 1.57-3.43) and during the first year of life (2.00, 1.40-2.84; 2.16, 1.43-3.28). Exposure to elevated NO 2 in the first two years, three years and total lifetime, as well as exposure to mixtures containing NO 2 in each of these periods, were consistently associated with increased likelihood of childhood eczema. The highest odds ratios were found between exposure to a mixture of SO 2 and NO 2 during total lifetime (increment: 35μg/m 3) and childhood eczema (adjusted OR, 95% CI: 2.80, 1.75-4.48; 3.50, 1.98-6.19). No significant associations were found between childhood eczema and ambient SO 2 and PM 10 individually or in mixtures. This study indicates that gestational and lifetime exposures to ambient NO 2 are risk factors for atopic eczema in childhood. Exposure to ambient SO 2 and PM 10 may enhance the effect of NO 2 exposure on childhood eczema.
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Temperatures during pregnancy were linked to childhood atopic eczema.
“temperatures during pregnancy was linked to child hood pneumonia, 135,136 air pollution, and childhood atopic eczema, 137”
From Climate change and child health: A scoping review and an expanded conceptual framework (2021) · cites this paper as [137]
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Wang, C. R., Wei, C., Wan, L., Lin, C., & Tsai, J. (2021) · The Italian Journal of Pediatrics/Italian journal of pediatrics · doi:10.1186/s13052-021-01157-7 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
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Vershinina, K. Y., Shlegel, N. E., & Strizhak, P. A. (2018) · Journal of the Energy Institute · doi:10.1016/j.joei.2018.06.001 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Luftverschmutzung und atopisches Ekzem
Krämer, U., & Behrendt, H. (2019) · Der Hautarzt · doi:10.1007/s00105-018-4330-3 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Huang, J., Zheng, W.-H., Huang, H.-C., Ran, Y.-G., Liu, Y., & Huang, P. (2023) · Atmospheric Pollution Research · doi:10.1016/j.apr.2023.101804 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
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Zhang, L., Jing, D., Lu, Q., & Shen, S. (2021) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-021-10549-7 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
“Liu Wei also found a strong association between childhood atopic eczema and the increments of NO2 in the approximate interquartile range (20 μg/m3) during the gestational period in Shanghai from 2011 to 2012 [20].”
BackgroundChang, J., Liu, W., Hu, Y., Zou, Z., Shen, L., Wang, X., Cai, J., Sun, C., & Huang, C. (2016) · Building and Environment · doi:10.1016/j.buildenv.2016.12.014 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Guo, M., Yu, W. J., Zhang, Y., Li, B., Zhou, H., & Du, C. (2023) · Building and Environment · doi:10.1016/j.buildenv.2023.110079 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Ignition of Fuel Slurries Based on Waste Products of Coal Processing and Oil Refining
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“…eczema and its related symptoms (such as itchiness, rash on swollen skin), while temperature and UV exposure have been found to be protective; ambient air pollutants such as nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide and inhalable particles (particulate matter, PM 10 ) may increase eczema risk [13 – 16].”
BackgroundCommodore, S., Mukherjee, N., Chung, D., Svendsen, E. R., Vena, J. E., Pearce, J. L., Roberts, J. R., Arshad, S. H., & Karmaus, W. (2018) · Current Zoology · doi:10.1093/eep/dvy028 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
How to prevent skin damage from air pollution part 2: Current treatment options
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“5 and PM10 were associated with higher prevalence of eczema by some studies but protective factors in others [10,12,14], while some studies demonstrated that air pollution does not necessarily affect the development of eczema or AD [15–17].”
BackgroundResultWang, H., Li, X., Chu, X., Cao, N., Wu, H., Huang, R., Li, B., & Ye, D. (2022) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-1213869/v1 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Combustion of Wet Coal Processing Waste and Coal Slime as Components of Fuel Slurries
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“The examples of recent years (in cities in China, India and Russia) show that air pollution causes serious diseases of the respiratory tract (up to cases of suffocation), eyes, skin, cardiovascular system (Liu et al. 2016; Mastral, Callén, Garcia 2000).”
BackgroundEnvironmental Risk Factors for Development of Atopic Dermatitis: a Systematic Review
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“[6] However, these populations also tend to have better exposure to natural environments, which may protect against the development of allergic conditions.”
Liang, Y., Liang, Y., Lin, S., Zhao, X., Bai, S., Zhang, J., Wang, Z., & Wu, Y. (2025) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-025-23757-2 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
“A 2016 study in Shanghai reported a cumulative eczema incidence of 21.1% in children aged 4–6 years [29], which found that pregnancy NO 2 exposure increased the risk of eczema, while PM 10 had no significant effect, the NO 2 concentration during pregnancy in that study was 54.9 ± 10.5 µg/m 3 , in…”
InfluentialWu, L.-Y., Zeeshan, M., Zhang, Y.-T., Liang, L.-X., Huang, J.-W., Bao, W.-W., Zhou, Y., Amjad, M., Lin, L., Liu, R.-Q., et al. (2025) · Environmental Research · doi:10.1016/j.envres.2025.123429 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Zeng, R., Liu, J., Li, G., Wang, J., Xiong, A., Xiong, Y., & He, X. (2025) · MedComm – Future Medicine · doi:10.1002/mef2.70044 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Ignition of a Droplet of Composite Liquid Fuel in a Vortex Combustion Chamber
Valiullin, T. R., Vershinina, K. Y., Glushkov, D. O., & Strizhak, P. A. (2017) · Journal of Physics Conference Series · doi:10.1088/1742-6596/891/1/012224 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
The Toxin of the Year: Airborne PM 2.5
Rolfes, K. M., Singh, N., Haarmann‐Stemmann, T., & Krutmann, J. (2025) · Dermatitis · doi:10.1177/17103568251385571 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Luftschadstoffe und primäre Prävention von Allergien
Heinrich, J. (2019) · Allergo Journal · doi:10.1007/s15007-019-1784-2 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Krämer, U., & Behrendt, H. (2019) · Der Hautarzt · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Effect of early life exposure to air pollutants on the incidence of eczema in children under 2 yearsPreprint
Wang, Z., Liang, Y., Lin, S., Zhao, X., Bai, S., Zhang, J., Du, S., & Wu, Y. (2023) · doi:10.22541/au.168933454.45025593/v1
Hu, Y., Gu, J., Wu, D., Wang, X., Lü, H., & Yu, G. (2022) · Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University (Science) · doi:10.1007/s12204-022-2454-1
Yue, D., Shen, T., Mao, J., Su, Q., Mao, Y., Ye, X., & Ye, D. (2022) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-1554167/v1
Auswirkungen partikulärer Luftverschmutzung auf die menschliche Haut
Rolfes, K. M., Haarmann‐Stemmann, T., & Krutmann, J. (2025) · Die Dermatologie · doi:10.1007/s00105-025-05617-7
“…von besonderer Bedeutung sind, sind Erhebungen an Geburtskohorten (z. B. GINIplus/LISAplus, Deutschland [19]; COCOA, Südkorea [23]; ISAAC, global [25]), die gezeigt haben, dass eine pränatale und frühe postnata-le Exposition gegenüber PM mit einem höheren Risiko für die Entwicklung sowie dem…”
Zhang, L., Jing, D., Lu, Q., & Shen, S. (2021) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.14220849
- Authors
- Liu, W., Cai, J., Huang, C., Hu, Y., Fu, Q., Zou, Z., Sun, C., Shen, L., Wang, X., Pan, J., Huang, Y., Chang, J., Zhao, Z., Sun, Y., & Sundell, J.
- Affiliations
- University of Shanghai for Science and Technology (CN)
- Fudan University (CN)
- Tianjin University (CN)
- Corresponding author
- Huang, Chen
- ORCID
- Venue
- Science of The Total Environment
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2016-12
- Volume
- 572
- Pages
- 34-42
- ISSN
- 0048-9697 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2497389998
- Cited by
- 59
- References
- 67
- Citations by year
- 2025: 6 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 2
- FWCI
- 4.83
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- The Science of The Total Environment (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Natural Science Foundation of China (51278302)
- Hujiang Foundation of China (D14003)
- Shanghai Municipal Education Commission (14ZZ132)
- The Innovation Fund Project for Graduate Student of Shanghai (JWCXSL1401)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Air Quality and Health Impacts
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Asthma and respiratory diseases
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Dermatology › Dermatology and Skin Diseases
- Keywords
- ambient air pollution, prenatal exposure, early life exposure, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, PM10, air pollutant mixtures, preschool children, Shanghai
- MeSH terms
- Air Pollutants, Air Pollution, Child, Child, Preschool, China, Cross-Sectional Studies, Dermatitis, Atopic, Environmental Exposure, Female, Humans, Male, Nitrogen Dioxide, Pregnancy, Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects, Risk Factors, Sulfur Dioxide, Urban Population, Prevalence, Particulate Matter
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