The DOI matches its Crossref record; 98 of the 98 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
The paradox of matrix metalloproteinases in infectious disease
Open accessAbstract
Summary: Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a family of proteolytic enzymes that perform multiple roles in the normal immune response to infection. MMPs facilitate leucocyte recruitment, cytokine and chemokine processing, defensin activation and matrix remodelling. However, excess MMP activity following infection may lead to immunopathology that causes host morbidity or mortality and favours pathogen dissemination or persistence. Here, we review the normal functions of MMPs in immunity and then discuss viral and bacterial infections where excess MMP activity has been implicated in pathology, specifically examining HIV, HTLV-1, hepatitis B, endotoxin shock, Helicobacter pylori and Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Tissue destruction may be exacerbated further by bacterial-derived enzymes which activate the host pro-MMPs. Finally, the potential for therapeutic targeting of excess MMP activity in infection is considered.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Global Burden of Tuberculosis: Estimated Incidence, Prevalence, and Mortality by Country
Dye, C., Scheele, S., >Dolin, P., Pathania, V., Raviglione, M. C., & for the WHO Global Surveillance and Monitoring Project (1999) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.282.7.677 · Cited by 2,947
Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitors and Cancer—Trials and Tribulations
Coussens, L. M., Fingleton, B., & Matrisian, L. M. (2002) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1067100 · Cited by 2,761
Matrix metalloproteinases as modulators of inflammation and innate immunity
Parks, W. C., Wilson, C. L., & López-Boado, Y. S. (2004) · Nature Reviews Immunology · doi:10.1038/nri1418 · Cited by 1,929
Tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases: evolution, structure and function
Brew, K., Dinakarpandian, D., & Nagase, H. (2000) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Protein Structure and Molecular Enzymology · doi:10.1016/s0167-4838(99)00279-4 · Cited by 1,908
Brooks, P. C., Strömblad, S., Sanders, L. C., von Schalscha, T. L., Aimes, R. T., Stetler-Stevenson, W. G., Quigley, J. P., & Cheresh, D. A. (1996) · Cell · doi:10.1016/s0092-8674(00)81235-0 · Cited by 1,552
Van Wart, H. E., & Birkedal-Hansen, H. (1990) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.87.14.5578 · Cited by 1,475
COLLAGENOLYTIC ACTIVITY IN AMPHIBIAN TISSUES: A TISSUE CULTURE ASSAY
Gross, J., & Lapiere, C. M. (1962) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.48.6.1014 · Cited by 1,310
Processing of tumour necrosis factor-α precursor by metalloproteinases
Gearing, A. J. H., Beckett, P., Christodoulou, M., Churchill, M., Clements, J., Davidson, A. H., Drummond, A. H., Galloway, W. A., Gilbert, R., Gordon, J. L., et al. (1994) · Nature · doi:10.1038/370555a0 · Cited by 1,194
Prostaglandins as modulators of immunity
Harris, S. G., Padilla, J., Koumas, L., Ray, D., & Phipps, R. P. (2002) · Trends in Immunology · doi:10.1016/s1471-4906(01)02154-8 · Cited by 1,180
Matrix metalloproteinases: a tail of a frog that became a prince
Brinckerhoff, C. E., & Matrisian, L. M. (2002) · Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology · doi:10.1038/nrm763 · Cited by 1,105
Cited by
Hepatic inflammatory responses in liver fibrosis
Hammerich, L., & Tacke, F. (2023) · Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology · doi:10.1038/s41575-023-00807-x · Cited by 803
Matrix Metalloproteinases as Modulators of Inflammation
MANICONE, A., & MCGUIRE, J. (2008) · Seminars in Cell & Developmental Biology · doi:10.1016/j.semcdb.2007.07.003 · Cited by 617
How do immune cells overcome the blood-brain barrier in multiple sclerosis?
Larochelle, C., Alvarez, J. I., & Prat, A. (2011) · FEBS Letters · doi:10.1016/j.febslet.2011.04.066 · Cited by 405
Life and death in the granuloma: immunopathology of tuberculosis
Saunders, B. M., & Britton, W. J. (2007) · Immunology & Cell Biology · doi:10.1038/sj.icb.7100027 · Cited by 340
Bradley, L. M., Douglass, M. F., Chatterjee, D., Akira, S., & Baaten, B. J. G. (2012) · PLoS Pathogens · doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1002641 · Cited by 207
Metadata
- Authors
- Elkington, P. T. G., O'Kane, C. M., & Friedland, J. S.
- Venue
- Clinical and Experimental Immunology
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2005-06-16
- Volume
- 142
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 12-20
- ISSN
- 0009-9104 (ISSN-L)
- 1365-2249
- OpenAlex
- W2010004352
- Cited by
- 340
- References
- 98
- FWCI
- 4.27
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: The paradox of matrix metalloproteinases in infectious disease. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1111/j.1365-2249.2005.02840.x
- The paper
- Elkington, P. T. G., O'Kane, C. M., & Friedland, J. S. (2005). The paradox of matrix metalloproteinases in infectious disease. Clinical and Experimental Immunology. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2249.2005.02840.x
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.