Cited by 1,673earthquake and tectonic studiesGeological and Geophysical StudiesHigh-pressure geophysics and materials

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On the Relative Importance of the Driving Forces of Plate Motion

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Forsyth, D., Uyeda, S.·1975·Geophysical Journal International

DOI 10.1111/j.1365-246x.1975.tb00631.x

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Abstract

A number of possible mechanisms have recently been proposed for driving the motions of the lithospheric plates, such as pushing from mid-ocean ridges, pulling by downgoing slabs, suction toward trenches, and coupling of the plates to flow in the mantle. We advance a new observational method of testing these theories of the driving mechanism. Our basic approach is to solve the inverse problem of determining the relative strength of the plausible driving forces, given the observed motions and geometries of the lithospheric plates. Since the inertia of the plates is negligible, each plate must be in dynamic equilibrium, so that the sum of the torques acting on a plate must be zero. Thus, our problem is to determine the relative sizes of the forces that minimize the components of net torque on each plate. The results indicate that the forces acting on the downgoing slab control the velocity of the oceanic plates and are an order of magnitude stronger than any other force. Namely, all the oceanic plates attached to substantial amounts of downgoing slabs move with a ‘terminal velocity’ at which the gravitational body force pulling the slabs downward is nearly balanced with the resistance acting on the slab; regardless of the other features of the trailing horizontal part of the plates. The drag on the bottom of the plates which resist motion is stronger under the continents than under the oceans.

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Stress evolution during the megathrust earthquake cycle and its role in triggering extensional deformation in subduction zones
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Changes in Plate Motions Caused by Increases in Gravitational Potential Energy of Mountain Belts
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“Forsyth and Uyeda (1975) also found the coefficient of drag beneath continental lithosphere to be seven times stronger than beneath the oceans.”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluential
Bayesian Paleomagnetic Euler Pole Inversion for Paleogeographic Reconstruction and Analysis
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Background
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Depth‐Dependent Azimuthal Anisotropy Beneath the Juan de Fuca Plate System
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Self-citation
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Lithospheric strength and stress revisited: Pruning the Christmas tree
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Authors: Forsyth, D., & Uyeda, S.
Affiliations: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (US)
Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory (US)
ORCID: Forsyth, D.
Venue: Geophysical Journal International
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Published: 1975-10-01
Volume: 43
Issue: 1
Pages: 163-200
ISSN: 0956-540X (ISSN-L)
1365-246X
DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-246x.1975.tb00631.x
OpenAlex: W2011893217
Cited by: 1,673
References: 86
Citations by year: 2026: 33 · 2025: 42 · 2024: 57 · 2023: 78 · 2022: 64 · 2021: 66 · 2020: 82 · 2019: 52 · 2018: 73 · 2017: 60 · 2016: 46 · 2015: 50 · 2014: 33 · 2013: 37 · 2012: 37
FWCI: 23.95
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Locations: Geophysical Journal International (publishedVersion)
Funders: National Science Foundation
Office of Naval Research (N00014)
Topics: Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Geophysics › earthquake and tectonic studies
Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Geology › Geological and Geophysical Studies
Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Geophysics › High-pressure geophysics and materials
Keywords: plate motion, plate driving forces, slab pull, inverse problems, plate tectonics

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On the Relative Importance of the Driving Forces of Plate Motion

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